Application of Accumula ted Heat Units in The Control of The Olive Moth, Prays Oleae (BERN.) (LEP., PRAYDIDAE), in Olive Groves in Southern Spain

Abstract Olive moth, Prays oleae, is one of the most important phytophagous of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Its control is based on the application of chemical insecticides, sometimes combined with the release of natural enemies. The need for application is established according to population thresholds. How-ever, the wide range of environmental conditions requires the adoption of comple-mentary elements that allow the adequate time of applications to the phenological stages responsible for the damage. During the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, weekly observations of the insect phenology have been performed in 10 plots of olive trees at different altitudes (253 m to 1017 m) in the province of Jaén (southern Spain), recording daily temperature variations at 4-hour intervals. This has allowed deter-mining the thermal integrals for the three insect generations and to specify the in-fluence of the altitude on its development periods, more especially in those corre-sponding to the philophagous and carpophagous generations. This knowledge has allowed the development of a model-chronogram for the adjustment of treatment dates based on crop altitude.

摘要：橄榄蛾（Prays oleae）是地中海盆地橄榄种植中最为重要的植食性害虫之一。其防治主要依赖化学杀虫剂的施用，有时会结合释放天敌的辅助手段。施药的必要性需依据种群阈值判定。然而，环境条件的多样性要求采用配套补充措施，以确保施药时机与造成危害的物候阶段精准匹配。2013至2015年间，研究团队在西班牙南部哈恩省10块海拔跨度为253米至1017米的橄榄林地块中，每周开展该蛾类的物候观测，并以4小时间隔记录每日温度变化。据此得以明确该蛾类三个世代的热积温参数，并阐明海拔对其发育周期的影响，尤其针对食花世代与食果世代对应的发育周期。基于上述研究成果，科研人员开发出一套基于种植海拔调整施药日期的模型时序图（model-chronogram）。