Characteristics of included studies.

*Macronutrient composition (%carbohydrate/%protein/%fat). bw, body weight; RT, resistance training; AT, aerobic training; F, female; M, male; ME, moderate intensity exercise group; VE, vigorous intensity exercise group; ER, energy restriction; HP, high protein diet; STD, standard diet; Energy restriction relate to energy deficit associated with dietary modification and do not include additional energy expenditure from the addition of exercise.