Data associated with Fusarium asiaticum vivivirus 1

The discovery of diverse segmented RNA viruses through metatranscriptomics has enabled researchers to trace the evolutionary trajectories of these viruses. However, this effort has been hindered by the limited availability of complete genome sequences and the low similarity of novel viral segments. In this study, we characterized Fusarium asiaticum vivivirus 1 (FaVvV1), a +ssRNA mycovirus with 10 RNA segments (S1 to S10, encoding VP1 to VP10), in phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium asiaticum. VP1 and VP2 exhibit homology to replication proteins of martellivirals, while VP3 and VP5 share similarities with nuclear inclusion protein a and cylindrical inclusion helicase of potyvirids, respectively. FaVvV1 forms rod-shaped virions, with VP8 functions as a structural protein resembling the helical capsid of potyvirids and closterovirids. To explore the conservation and evolution of viviviruses, we mined 23 published SRA datasets, identifying 29 vivivirus-related viruses (vivivirids) comprising a total of 186 viral segments. VP1–VP3, VP5, and VP8 were identified as conserved hallmark proteins of viviviruses. Phylogenetic and structural analyses suggest multiple genome segmentations and gene/domain duplications involved in the evolution of vivivirids. VP3, VP5 and VP8 probably share a common ancestor with potyvirids. These findings highlight the intricate evolutionary mechanisms underlying segmented virus diversity and adaptation.