重大林木蛀干害虫-栗山天牛无公害综合防治技术研究

对危害林木的钻蛀性害虫天牛的有效防治长期以来一直是世界性难题，国内外已开展了多年的研究而进展不大。如我国三北防护林工程建设第一、二期建设工程所营造的上千万亩防护林，由于光肩星天牛的严重危害，由于没有有效的防治技术而被迫砍伐殆尽，损失巨大。 系统研究了我国重大林木蛀干害虫栗山天牛的生物学、生态学和行为学，明确了该害虫与寄主、环境的相互关系及其发生规律，解决了天牛幼虫龄期准确区分的难题。 系统调查了栗山天牛的天敌区系，筛选出防治栗山天牛低龄幼虫的优势天敌——白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂（新种）、中老龄幼虫和蛹的主要寄生性天敌——花绒寄甲，以及栗山天牛跳小蜂等9种寄生蜂新种。系统研究了这些重要天敌的生物学、行为学、寄主专化性，并研究发现了花绒寄甲寻找寄主害虫的化学信息物质。 攻克了花绒寄甲人工大量繁殖的技术难关，确定了花绒寄甲的释放量、释放适期和防治效果的评价方法，明确了持续控制效果的机理，解决了林间释放技术。 研制出了诱杀栗山天牛成虫的特效技术——专用黑光灯和引诱剂。 研究、总结出了一套无污染无公害的栗山天牛综合治理技术。

Effective control of longhorn beetles, wood-boring pests that damage forest trees, has long been a global challenge. Extensive research has been conducted both domestically and internationally over many years, but progress has been limited. For example, tens of millions of mu of shelterbelts planted during the first and second phases of China's Three-North Shelterbelt Project had to be completely felled due to severe infestation by Anoplophora glabripennis and the lack of effective control technologies, resulting in massive economic losses.

This study systematically investigated the biology, ecology and ethology of Massicus raddei, a major wood-boring pest of forest trees in China, clarified the interrelationships between this pest, its host plants and the environment, as well as its occurrence regularity, and solved the difficult problem of accurately distinguishing the larval instars of longhorn beetles.

The study systematically surveyed the natural enemy fauna of Massicus raddei, and screened out dominant natural enemies for controlling its young larvae: a new species of Sclerodermus (white ash borer parasitoid wasp), Dastarcus helophoroides, the main parasitic natural enemy of its middle-aged, old larvae and pupae, as well as 9 new species of parasitic wasps including Massicus raddei encyrtid wasps. The biology, ethology and host specificity of these important natural enemies were systematically studied, and chemical infochemicals used by Dastarcus helophoroides to locate host pests were discovered.

The technical bottleneck of large-scale artificial rearing of Dastarcus helophoroides was overcome. The release rate, optimal release period and evaluation method for the control effect of Dastarcus helophoroides were determined, the mechanism of its sustained control effect was clarified, and field release technologies were resolved.

Special black light lamps and attractants were developed as effective technologies for trapping and killing adult Massicus raddei.

A set of pollution-free and environmentally friendly integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for Massicus raddei was researched and summarized.