Do muscular strength and jump power tests reflect the effectiveness of training programs for basketball athletes?

Abstract Aims: Muscular strength (MS) and jump power (JP) tests are used to assess athletic ability and measure the effectiveness of training programs. However, their use in various sport modalities needs to be investigated further. This study aimed to explore the changes in MS and JP during three different moments of a macrocycle training session and verify the validity of the tests used to predict the effectiveness of basketball training programs. Methods: During macrocycle training (three different moments), sixteen basketball players were evaluated for MS (measured using isokinetic dynamometry at the speed of 60°/s) during concentric contraction of knee flexor and extensor muscles and JP, using countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) on a force platform. Results: Peak torque and maximal work values for knee extension and flexion showed no differences, during the three moments analyzed. Additionally, no changes were observed for CMVJ. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the effectiveness of basketball training programs does not seem to be related to the performance achieved by athletes on the tests used. Moreover, the lack of changes in MS and JP values during the macrocycle could be related to the training structure used; volume, intensity, density and workload specificity.

摘要

研究目标：肌肉力量（MS）与跳跃爆发力（JP）测试常用于评估运动员竞技能力，并衡量训练方案的实施效果，但此类测试在不同运动项目中的应用仍有待进一步探究。本研究旨在探究大周期训练过程中三个不同时间节点的肌肉力量与跳跃爆发力变化情况，并验证现有测试用于预测篮球训练方案效果的有效性。

研究方法：在大周期训练的三个不同时间节点，对16名篮球运动员开展测试：采用60°/s角速度下的等速测力法，评估膝关节屈肌与伸肌向心收缩状态下的肌肉力量；同时借助测力台完成反向垂直跳（CMVJ）测试以获取跳跃爆发力指标。

研究结果：膝关节伸肌与屈肌的峰值扭矩及最大做功值在三个测试时间节点均无显著差异；反向垂直跳（CMVJ）相关指标亦未出现明显变化。

研究结论：本研究结果表明，篮球训练方案的实施效果似乎与运动员在现有测试中的表现并无关联。此外，大周期训练中肌肉力量与跳跃爆发力指标未出现明显变化，这可能与本次训练的结构特征（包括训练量、强度、密度及负荷专项性）相关。