Flow shop scheduling under ToU tariffs

Time-of-use (ToU) tariffs flexibly offer cheaper electricity prices to industrial and residential users during off-peak periods, encouraging them to shift their peak electricity demands in valley periods. Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) model is one of the most prevalent models in manufacturing. To explore the significant role of ToU tariffs in manufacturing, this study addresses a novel bi-objective FSS problem under ToU tariffs.分时电价（Time-of-use (ToU) tariffs）可在非峰时段为工业与居民用户灵活提供更优惠的电价，激励其将高峰用电需求转移至低谷时段。流水车间调度（Flow Shop Scheduling, FSS）是制造业中应用最为广泛的调度模型之一。为探究分时电价在制造业中的重要作用，本研究针对分时电价场景下的新型双目标流水车间调度问题展开了相关研究。