Old and new visions of Brazilianness: the vagaries of equality, difference and 'race' in history textbooks

Abstract In this paper I discuss the changes in Brazilian history textbooks brought about by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) during the 1980s, to put greater emphasis on the value of democracy and questions of inequality, including those inequalities related to cultural differences, often in terms of "race". The analysis reveals a major paradigmatic shift from the notions of a nation built on "racial mixture" to one based on the tense and often conflictive relations between distinct racial and ethnic groups.

摘要：本文探讨了20世纪80年代巴西国家教科书计划（National Textbook Program, PNLD）主导下巴西历史教科书的变革，该计划旨在更突出民主价值与不平等议题，其中包括常以“种族”为分析维度探讨的、与文化差异相关的不平等问题。分析结果显示，巴西历史叙事的范式发生了重大转变：从以“种族混合”为基础的国家构建理念，转向立足于不同种族与族群间紧张且常充满冲突的关系的国家构建理念。