Data for: An invasive ant increases deformed wing virus loads in honey bees

The majority of invasive species are best known for their effects as predators. However, many introduced predators may also be substantial reservoirs for pathogens. Honey bee-associated viruses are found in various arthropod species including invasive ants. We examined how the globally invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), which can reach high densities and infest beehives, is associated with pathogen dynamics in honey bees. Viral loads of Deformed wing virus (DWV), which has been linked to millions of beehive deaths around the globe, and black queen cell virus significantly increased in bees when invasive ants were present. Microsporidian and trypanosomatid infections, which are more bee-specific, were not affected by ant invasion. The bee virome in autumn revealed that DWV was the predominant virus with the highest infection levels and that no ant-associated viruses were infecting bees. Viral spillback from ants could increase infections in bees. In addition, ant attacks could ..., In the austral summer of January 2019, 18 beehives from an Argentine ant-free apiary were moved into six sites in the Northland region, New Zealand, half with known Argentine ant incursions, placing three hives in each site. Monthly collections of adult worker bees from brood frames took place from January until August, except July.
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) data was generated from reverse transcribed total RNA extracted from honey bees or Argentine ants on a StepOne™ Real-Time PCR cycler or a QuantStudio 7 Real-Time PCR System, respectively. Survival data was generated from field observations.
RNA-seq data originates from Illumina 1.9 Hi-seq 100 base pair (bp) paired-end sequencing of total RNA from honey bees. Reads were aligned to the honey bee reference genome (Amel_HAv3.1) in HISAT2 2.1.0 to exclude host-derived reads. Unaligned reads were de novo assembled in Trinity 2.9.1 and transcript counts generated using a pipeline integrated with the Trinity package (www.github.com/trinityrna..., Files ending in .matrix can be opened in R (r-project.org) using DESEQ2 and files ending in .csv can, for instance, be opened in Microsoft Excel or Cal in the LibreOffice suite.

绝大多数入侵物种以其作为捕食者的影响而广为人知。然而，诸多引入的捕食者同时也是病原体的重要储存宿主。与蜜蜂相关的病毒可在包括入侵蚂蚁在内的多种节肢动物物种中检出。本研究针对全球入侵物种阿根廷蚁（Linepithema humile）展开探究——该蚁类可形成极高种群密度并侵染蜂箱——旨在明确其与蜜蜂的病原体动态之间的关联。当入侵蚂蚁存在时，与全球数百万蜂群死亡事件相关的变形翼病毒（Deformed wing virus, DWV）以及黑蜂王台病毒的病毒载量在蜜蜂体内显著升高。而更具蜜蜂特异性的微孢子虫（Microsporidian）和锥虫体（Trypanosomatid）感染并未受到蚂蚁入侵的影响。秋季的蜜蜂病毒组分析结果显示，变形翼病毒为优势病毒且感染水平最高，且未检测到蚂蚁相关病毒感染蜜蜂。病毒从蚂蚁向蜜蜂的溢出可能加剧蜜蜂的感染负担；此外，蚂蚁的攻击可能……

2019年1月的南纬夏季（澳大利亚夏季），研究人员将来自无阿根廷蚁蜂场的18个蜂箱转移至新西兰北地地区的6个采样点，其中3个采样点已知存在阿根廷蚁入侵，每个站点放置3个蜂箱。自1月至8月（7月除外），研究人员每月从巢脾上采集成年工蜂样本。

定量PCR（quantitative PCR, qPCR）数据分别通过StepOne™实时荧光定量PCR仪和QuantStudio 7实时荧光定量PCR系统生成，所用模板为从蜜蜂或阿根廷蚁中提取的总RNA经反转录得到的产物。生存数据则来源于野外观测结果。

RNA测序数据源自对蜜蜂总RNA进行的Illumina 1.9 Hi-seq 100碱基对（bp）双端测序。使用HISAT2 2.1.0将测序读段比对至蜜蜂参考基因组（Amel_HAv3.1），以去除宿主来源的读段。未比对上的读段通过Trinity 2.9.1进行从头组装，并通过集成了Trinity套件的流程生成转录本计数（www.github.com/trinityrna...）。后缀为.matrix的文件可通过R统计软件（r-project.org）结合DESEQ2包打开；后缀为.csv的文件则可例如使用Microsoft Excel或LibreOffice套件中的Calc打开。