Accessibility to public spaces for leisure and physical activity in adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the association between accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities, availability of equipment for physical exercise in these spaces, and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adults. A household survey was conducted with 699 adults from 32 census tracts selected according to income and “walkability”. Accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities was determined by geoprocessing according to proximity to public spaces for leisure activities and the amount of such spaces within radiuses of 500 and 1,000 meters around the participants’ homes. Presence of equipment for physical exercise in these public spaces was assessed by the observation method and classified as: (a) without equipment for physical exercise; (b) with equipment for physical exercise; (c) equipment for physical exercise for adults; and (d) with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise. PA was self-reported, and walking was analyzed separately from moderate-vigorous PA, classified in two levels (≥ 10 minutes/week and ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 500-meter radius with one or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise was negatively associated with walking (OR = 0.84, based on ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 1,000-meter radius was positively associated with moderate-vigorous PA (OR = 1.03). The distance to a public space for leisure activities with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise (OR = 0.95) was inversely associated with moderate-vigorous PA. Proximity and amount of public spaces for leisure activities are associated with higher levels of moderate-vigorous PA in adults. The combination of methods can help reveal the contribution that access to (and quality of) public spaces for leisure activities can make to PA.

摘要：本研究旨在分析成年人闲暇公共空间可达性、此类空间内健身器材配置情况，与闲暇时间身体活动（Physical Activity，PA）之间的关联。本研究针对按收入与"步行可达性"筛选出的32个人口普查区中的699名成年人开展了一项家庭调查。通过地理处理方法，依据参与者住宅周边500米与1000米半径范围内的闲暇公共空间可达距离及此类空间的数量，评估闲暇公共空间的可达性。采用观测法评估上述公共空间内的健身器材配置情况，并将其分为四类：(a) 无健身器材；(b) 配备健身器材；(c) 配备成人专用健身器材；(d) 配备3件及以上健身器材。身体活动采用自报告方式收集，其中步行行为与中等至高强度身体活动分开分析，后者按两个水平分级：每周≥10分钟与每周≥150分钟。在500米半径范围内、配备至少1件健身器材的闲暇公共空间数量，与步行行为呈负相关（基于每周≥150分钟的阈值，比值比（Odds Ratio，OR）=0.84）。1000米半径范围内的闲暇公共空间数量与中等至高强度身体活动呈正相关（OR=1.03）。距离配备3件及以上健身器材的闲暇公共空间的距离，与中等至高强度身体活动呈负相关（OR=0.95）。闲暇公共空间的可达性与数量，与成年人更高水平的中等至高强度身体活动存在关联。多种方法联用，有助于揭示闲暇公共空间的可达性（及品质）对身体活动的贡献程度。