Psychopathology in contemporary society: comparative analysis of the DSM-IV and DSM-V

Abstract The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a diagnostic and statistical system for classifying mental disorders according to the categorical model for clinical practice and research in psychiatry prepared by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). This manual is constantly revised and reissued to update its psychodiagnostic classifications. In this sense, the present article aimed to make a comparative analysis between the classes and the diagnostic categories of the clinical frameworks related to anxiety disorders, mood alterations and childhood and adolescent disorders in the DSM-IV and DSM-V, to map which clinical entities were included, excluded or merged, forming new diagnostic classes and categories in the most updated version of the manual. The methodology used was qualitative bibliographic and documentary research through a descriptive study and a comparative data analysis. The results regarding the comparison of diagnostic classes and categories point to significant increases in the three analyzed axes that open the doors to debate the consequences of the pathologization and medicalization of human conditions such as PMS, sadness, energetic behavior of children and rebels of teenagers.

摘要 《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders，DSM）》是由美国精神病学协会（American Psychiatric Association，APA）为精神科临床实践与研究编制的、基于分类诊断模型的精神障碍诊断与统计系统。该手册会持续修订再版，以更新其心理诊断分类体系。有鉴于此，本文旨在对比分析DSM-IV与DSM-V中涉及焦虑障碍、心境改变及儿童青少年障碍的临床框架内的分类与诊断类别，以厘清该手册最新版本中被纳入、排除或合并并形成新诊断分类的临床病种。本研究采用质性文献与档案研究范式，结合描述性研究与对比数据分析完成研究。针对诊断分类与类别的对比结果显示，本次分析的三大维度均出现诊断类别的显著扩增，这为探讨经前期综合征（Premenstrual Syndrome，PMS）、悲伤情绪、儿童过度活跃行为及青少年叛逆行为等人类状态被病理化与医学化的后果提供了研讨空间。