Advances and setbacks in the 20 years of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy

We sought to analyze the processes of formulation, updating and implementation of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN), from 1999 to April 2020. This is a discussion paper, using institutional documentary sources, bibliographic search in national and international databases, as well as theses and dissertations. The theory of the cycle of public policies was adopted to systematize and present the set of information. PNAN was established in 1999 and updated ten years later, in a participatory process, based on an innovative approach centered on the paradigms of healthy food practices, the human right to food and nutritional security, aligned with the Brazilian Unified National. Regarding implementation, there are advances related to the publication of Food Guides with national guidelines; to the promotion of research in food and nutrition; to collective action to build the regulatory agenda, even if with disputes, and to the decentralization of financial resources for the execution of PNAN actions. The monitoring and evaluation focused on the food and nutritional situation; we found that there were insufficient mechanisms to feed back the policy. After 20 years, PNAN maintains the challenge of effectively fulfilling its historic commitment: the universal guarantee of the human right to adequate and healthy food.

本研究旨在分析1999年至2020年4月期间巴西国家粮食与营养政策（Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy, PNAN）的制定、修订与实施流程。本研究属于研讨性论文，研究资料涵盖机构文献、国内外数据库的文献检索结果以及学位论文。研究采用公共政策周期理论对相关信息进行系统化梳理与呈现。该政策于1999年正式确立，并于十年后通过参与式流程完成修订，其创新路径围绕健康饮食实践范式、食物权与营养安全保障展开，契合巴西全国统一体系。在政策实施层面，本研究发现多项进展：包括发布具备全国指导性的饮食指南、推动粮食与营养领域研究、通过集体行动构建监管议程（即便存在争议），以及为PNAN相关行动的执行下放财政资源。政策监测与评估围绕粮食与营养现状展开，研究发现当前缺乏足够的政策反馈机制。政策推行二十年后，PNAN仍面临着有效兑现其历史性承诺的挑战：即普遍保障人人享有充足且健康食物的人权。