Adaptability and stability of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner genotypes in the Western Amazon

ABSTRACT: The development of Coffea canephora cultivars is based on the characterization of genotype × environment interaction, which is interpreted to quantify the differential behavior of clones at different cultivation sites. The objective of this research was to study the genotype x environment interaction aiming to select clones of broad and specific adaptation to different environments of the Western Amazon. Twelve clones with hybrid characteristics of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and four open pollinated clones, had their performance evaluated in comparison with four controls. The genotype × environment interaction was interpreted based on the environmental quality index, the non-parametric estimator of Lin and Binns, 1988 and on the dispersion of the centroid method. Effects of the genotypes, environment, and genotype × environment interaction were all significant (p<0.01). The environmental quality index (Ij) classified three environments as favorable for coffee production. In terms of the Lin and Binn’s estimator (Pi), hybrid genotypes 16, 10, 13, 09 and 14 presented lower Pi indices than others, and were classified as being more stable. Five clones of low adaptability, seven clones of specific adaptability to favorable or unfavorable environments and two clones of broad adaptability to all environments were identified interpreting the dispersion of the centroid method.

摘要：刚果咖啡（Coffea canephora）品种的选育以基因型×环境互作（genotype × environment interaction）的表征分析为基础，该表征可用于量化不同种植地点下无性系的差异化表现。本研究旨在探究基因型×环境互作，以期筛选出适配亚马孙西部地区不同环境的广适应性与专适应性无性系。本试验选取12份兼具刚果变种（Conilon）与罗布斯塔变种（Robusta）杂交特性的无性系，以及4份自由授粉无性系，以4个对照品种为参照开展性能评价。基于环境质量指数、Lin与Binns于1988年提出的非参数估计量，以及质心法离散度，对基因型×环境互作进行解析。结果显示，基因型效应、环境效应以及基因型×环境互作效应均达极显著水平（p<0.01）。环境质量指数（Ij）将3个环境划分为适宜咖啡生产的有利环境。根据Lin与Binns估计量（Pi），杂交无性系16、10、13、09和14的Pi指数低于其他无性系，被归类为稳定性更优的材料。通过质心法离散度分析，本研究共鉴定出5份低适应性无性系、7份对有利或不利环境具有专适应性的无性系，以及2份适配所有环境的广适应性无性系。