Table_1_Effects of Yi Jin Jing on enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundThe aging population is rapidly increasing, leading to physical decline and higher risks of chronic diseases, including sarcopenia, which adversely affects muscle quality and strength. Yi Jin Jing (YJJ), a traditional Chinese exercise method, can enhance flexibility and strength, but evidence regarding its effectiveness in older adults is conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the effects of YJJ on muscle strength and physical performance in this demographic.MethodsWe searched seven electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Sinomed, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Following PRISMA guidelines, we quantified the effects of YJJ on muscle strength (grip strength, isokinetic strength) and physical performance (chair sit-to-stand, squatting-to-standing, shoulder flexibility, sit-and-reach tests). Treatment effects were calculated using Hedges’g. The Cochrane tool assessed risk of bias, the PEDro scale evaluated methodological quality, and the GRADE method assessed evidence quality. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software, utilizing standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThis meta-analysis included 10 RCTs involving 590 participants. The overall risk of bias was assessed to be low. The methodological quality of these studies was generally moderate, and the quality of the main results varied from low to moderate. The findings revealed that YJJ had considerable effects on the chair sit-to-stand test (Hedges’g = 1.06), squatting-to-standing test (Hedges’g = 1.08), and small to moderate effects on handgrip strength (Hedges’g = 0.25), 60°/s extensor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.47), 60°/s extensor average power (Hedges’g = 0.31), 60°/s extensor total work (Hedges’g = 0.29), 60°/s flexor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.42), 60°/s flexor average power (Hedges’g = 0.37), and 180°/s extensor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.29), and left shoulder flexibility (Hedges’g = 0.4). However, there were no significant improvement effects in 180°/s extensor average power (Hedges’g = 0.19), 180°/s extensor total work (Hedges’g = 0.11), 180°/s flexor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.01), 180°/s flexor average power (Hedges’g = −0.08), right shoulder flexibility (Hedges’g = 0.09), and sit-and-reach test (Hedges’g = 0.15).ConclusionYJJ significantly enhances specific aspects of physical performance, particularly chair sit-to-stand and squatting-to-standing tests, while showing small and moderate improvements in handgrip strength and knee muscle strength. However, it had no significant effects on other metrics, including shoulder flexibility and sit-and-reach tests.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024530487, Registration number: CRD42024530487.

背景：随着老龄人口的迅速增长，人体机能逐渐衰退，慢性疾病的风险也随之升高，其中肌肉量减少症（sarcopenia）对肌肉质量和力量产生负面影响。易筋经（Yi Jin Jing，简称YJJ）作为一种传统中国健身方法，能够增强柔韧性和力量，但其对老年人有效性的证据存在分歧。本研究旨在系统评估YJJ对老年人肌肉力量和身体机能的影响。方法：通过检索七个电子数据库（中国知网、万方数据、Sinomed、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library和EMBASE）以识别随机对照试验（RCTs）。遵循PRISMA指南，我们量化了YJJ对肌肉力量（握力、等速力量）和身体机能（椅上起立、蹲起、肩关节灵活性、坐位前倾测试）的影响。治疗效应通过Hedges’g计算。Cochrane工具评估偏倚风险，PEDro量表评估方法学质量，GRADE方法评估证据质量。数据分析使用Stata 17.0软件进行，采用标准化均数差（SMD）和95%置信区间（CIs）。结果：本元分析纳入了10项RCTs，涉及590名参与者。总体偏倚风险评估为低。这些研究的方法学质量普遍为中等，主要结果的质量从低到中等不等。研究发现，YJJ对椅上起立测试（Hedges’g=1.06）、蹲起测试（Hedges’g=1.08）具有显著影响，对手握力（Hedges’g=0.25）、60°/s伸肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.47）、60°/s伸肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.31）、60°/s伸肌总功（Hedges’g=0.29）、60°/s屈肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.42）、60°/s屈肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.37）、180°/s伸肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.29）和左侧肩关节灵活性（Hedges’g=0.4）具有小到中等程度的影响。然而，在180°/s伸肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.19）、180°/s伸肌总功（Hedges’g=0.11）、180°/s屈肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.01）、180°/s屈肌平均功率（Hedges’g=−0.08）、右侧肩关节灵活性（Hedges’g=0.09）和坐位前倾测试（Hedges’g=0.15）等方面，没有观察到显著的改善效果。结论：YJJ显著提升了特定方面的身体机能，尤其是椅上起立和蹲起测试，在手握力和膝部肌肉力量方面显示出小到中等程度的改善。然而，它对其他指标，包括肩关节灵活性和坐位前倾测试，没有产生显著影响。系统综述注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024530487，注册号：CRD42024530487。