Differences between species richness, abundance, and functional diversity parameters across the three tree categories.

Values are means ± standard error. Different superscript letters denote significantly different means. Estimated richness is the Chao 1 bias corrected estimator, which uses the number of singletons and doubletons to estimate the number of undetected species [43]. The Shannon Index scores are derived from the Chao and Shen [42] revised algorithm. Observed richness is the average number of frugivorous bird species recorded in the surveys of each tree category. Abundance is the average number of individual frugivores recorded in the surveys of each tree category. FDis is a multidimensional index of the mean distance of an individual species to the centroid of all species in the community [38]. Estimated richness and Shannon scores were considered to be significantly different where 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. For species richness and abundance, different superscript letters denote significantly different means at ppDifferences between species richness, abundance, and functional diversity parameters across the three tree categories.