The Twelfth Man

<p>The article examines the Myall Creek Massacre of 1838, focusing on John Henry Fleming's pivotal role as a ringleader among the perpetrators. Evidence from depositions by stockmen and witnesses indicate that the massacre was premeditated and that Fleming was heavily armed and involved in the planning. However, Fleming fled the scene and avoided capture. The article argues that Fleming's status as a colonial-born settler allowed him to evade justice and that subsequent historical narratives often overlooked his involvement.</p>