Spatial characteristics of tree locations and tree dbhs at 0–50 m distances.

Note: L means light; S means shade and M means middle. C means canopy trees and U means understory.Spatial point patterns were tested for randomness using the L-function. The spatial characteristics of tree dbhs were analyzed by the homogeneous Poisson (HomP), random labeling (RLM) and heterogeneous Poisson (HetP). Spatial distances at which tree locations show significant aggregation, regularity and randomness are indicated by the symbols “+” in parenthesis in L-function. Spatial distances at which tree locations and tree dbh marks show significant positive, independent and negative correlation are indicated by the symbols “+”, “r” and “−” in parenthesis, respectively.