RESHAPING ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

The pandemic-driven shift to online learning exposed architectural education to the possibilities of hybrid design studios, accelerating the integration of emerging digital technologies. Simultaneously, AI's rapid evolution has profoundly influenced academia and professional practice. This research explores how online platforms, AI-driven systems, immersive AR/VR environments, and metaverse-enabled design studios reshape architectural education towards more self-directed, exploratory, and resilient learning models. AI facilitates rapid access to relevant knowledge, iterative design development, and performance analysis, while AR and VR technologies enhance spatial cognition through immersive visualisation. Digital collaboration tools further expand peer and tutor engagement opportunities beyond physical boundaries. Additionally, the rise of concepts such as neuroarchitecture, cognitive design, and real-time learning analytics has contributed to deeper student engagement and reflective practices. Integrating sustainability principles via environmental simulations and live data analytics underscores the shift towards environmentally responsible design education. This study, drawing on two surveys—one evaluating online learning during the pandemic and another focusing on AI-integrated studios—reveals a strong student preference for hybrid learning models. Findings suggest that hybrid and technology-enhanced pedagogies not only address contemporary challenges but also position architectural education to anticipate and lead future professional innovations.