Diversity of Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil using a new type of bait

Abstract: The Cerambycidae family (Insecta: Coleoptera) has approximately 38 thousand species. In Brazil, more than 4,300 species and 1,050 genera are registered, and despite the ecological and agricultural importance of this family, no study has yet been done in the Cerrado of the Distrito Federal (Brazil). The objective of this study was to evaluate the richness and abundance of Cerambycidae in the Cerrado area using two types of fruits (banana and pineapple), fermented with sugarcane juice, as bait and to verify whether the richness is influenced by climate variables. The work was carried out in an area of the cerrado sensu stricto at Água Limpa Farm in the Distrito Federal. Beetles were collected weekly using 40 bait traps with two types of fruits that remained in the field for 12 uninterrupted months (November 2013 to October 2014). The traps were installed 1.50 m above the ground level, distributed in four 80 m transects, and spaced 20 m apart. A total of 1,599 individuals, belonging to 13 genera and different 19 species, were collected. The main species were as follows: Oxymerus basalis (Dalman, 1823) representing 78.3%, Retrachydes thoracicus thoracicus (Olivier, 1790) representing 9.9%, and Chydarteres bicolor (Fabricius, 1787) representing 4.5% of the total specimens collected. There was a significant difference in richness and abundance of Cerambycidae among the baits evaluated, with the pineapple bait presenting the highest values. The greatest number of individuals and species occurred soon after the first rains, especially in November. Temporal variation was confirmed through Rayleigh’s uniformity test, following the seasonality of the Cerrado, with the greatest number of individuals and species found in the rainy season. Temperature and humidity influenced the richness of cerambycid beetles. This is the first work carried out with pineapple fermented with sugarcane juice as bait to capture Cerambycidae, and this type of bait proved to be efficient for the collection of insects, comparable in efficiency to the synthetic baits that are normally used. All species collected were new distribution records for the Distrito Federal (Brazil).

摘要：天牛科（Cerambycidae，昆虫纲：鞘翅目）现有约38000个已知物种。在巴西境内已记录有超过4300个物种、1050个属，尽管该类群具有重要的生态与农业价值，但此前尚无针对巴西联邦特区塞拉多（Cerrado）区域的天牛科昆虫相关研究开展。本研究旨在以两种经甘蔗汁发酵的果实（香蕉与菠萝）作为诱饵，评估塞拉多地区天牛科昆虫的物种丰富度与种群丰度，并验证气候变量是否对物种丰富度存在影响。本研究在联邦特区阿瓜林帕农场的狭义塞拉多（cerrado sensu stricto）区域进行。研究人员采用40个诱饵陷阱开展每周采样，诱饵在野外连续放置12个月（2013年11月至2014年10月）。陷阱安装于距地面1.50米高度，沿4条80米长的样带布设，样带内陷阱间距为20米。本次研究共采集到1599头天牛成虫，隶属于13个属、19个不同物种。优势物种及占比分别为：Oxymerus basalis（Dalman, 1823），占总采集个体数的78.3%；Retrachydes thoracicus thoracicus（Olivier, 1790），占9.9%；Chydarteres bicolor（Fabricius, 1787），占4.5%。不同诱饵处理下的天牛物种丰富度与种群丰度存在显著差异，其中菠萝诱饵的采集效果最优。首次降雨后不久（尤其在11月）便出现了个体数量与物种数的峰值。通过瑞利一致性检验（Rayleigh’s uniformity test）证实了天牛种群的时间动态变化，其季节节律与塞拉多地区的气候周期一致，雨季的个体数量与物种数最多。温度与湿度显著影响天牛的物种丰富度。本研究首次采用经甘蔗汁发酵的菠萝作为诱饵采集天牛科昆虫，结果表明该类诱饵的采集效率优异，可与常规使用的合成诱饵相媲美。本次采集到的所有物种均为巴西联邦特区的新分布记录。