Ethnoecology and socioeconomic around an artificial reef: the case of artisanal fisheries from southeastern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the ethnoecological aspects, valorization, and commercialization of target species caught by artisanal fishers on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 fishers from the fishing community of Guaxindiba (21°29'S, 41°00'W), which is associated with the Z-1 fishers' colony. Eighty-nine species were cited by the fishers and 44.1% are important commercial fish in the region. The fishers cited five distinct zones used to fish: border zone (68 species), estuary (41 spp.), artificial reef (27 spp.), "malacacheta" (24 spp.), and open ocean (10 spp.). The fishery resources were classified according to their gastronomic and economic characteristics: primary fish (35 spp.), secondary fish (32 spp.), mixed fish (10 spp.), discarded fish (7 spp.), and fish used as bait (5 spp.). The price of the target species increases along the production chain due to the greater number of people involved, processing costs, and improvement of the product. The data from this study can contribute to local fisheries management and point out to the use of artificial reefs in the maintenance of fishery resources in northern Rio de Janeiro.

摘要：本研究旨在阐述巴西东南部里约热内卢北部海岸小型手工渔民捕捞目标物种的民族生态学特征、价值增值与商业化路径。研究数据取自对隶属于Z-1渔民作业点的瓜辛迪巴（Guaxindiba）渔业社区60名渔民开展的半结构化访谈，访谈地点地理坐标为21°29'S, 41°00'W。受访渔民共提及89个捕捞物种，其中44.1%为该区域重要商业鱼类。渔民提及的作业海域共划分为5个独立分区：沿岸带（68种）、河口区（41 spp.）、人工鱼礁区（27种）、malacacheta海域（24种）以及开阔远洋区（10种）。研究团队依据美食学与经济学特征将渔业资源分为5类：主销鱼类（35种）、次销鱼类（32种）、混合类鱼类（10种）、弃置渔获（7种）以及饵料用鱼类（5种）。目标物种的价格随产业链延伸逐步升高，这源于参与主体增多、加工成本上升以及产品品质提升。本研究数据可为里约热内卢北部的当地渔业管理提供参考，并明确了人工鱼礁在维持该区域渔业资源存量中的应用价值。