Time series of high-frequency sensor data measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, turbidity at discrete depths, and water level in Beaverdam Reservoir, Virginia, USA

We monitored water level and water quality in Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA, 37.31288, -79.8159) with visual observations and high-frequency (10-minute and 15-minute) sensors in 2009-2023. All variables were measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam. Beaverdam Reservoir is owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority as a secondary drinking water source for Roanoke, Virginia. This data package is comprised of three datasets: 1) BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv, 2) BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv, and 3) BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv. 1) BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv contains water level observations of the staff gauge by both the Western Virginia Water Authority and the Virginia Tech Reservoir Group LTREB field crew. This dataset spans 2009 to 2023, with data collection still ongoing. 2) BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv consists of a water temperature profile at ~1-meter intervals from the surface of the reservoir to 10.5 m below the water, complemented by a dissolved oxygen logger at 5 m or 10 m, depending on the time of year. A sonde measuring water temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and turbidity was additionally deployed at ~1.5 m depth. This dataset spans 2016 to 2020, with no additional data collection beyond the last observation. The third dataset is BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv, with data collection still ongoing. This dataset contains: a) a temperature string with 13 temperature sensors deployed ~1 m apart from the surface to 0.5 m above the sediments of the reservoir; b) two dissolved oxygen sensors, one in the middle of the string and one sensor above the sediments; and c) a pressure sensor just above the sediments. The same sonde from the first 2016-2020 dataset is also included in this 2020-2023 dataset, deployed at 1.5 m below the surface. The sensors on the temperature string (thermistors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and pressure sensor) are permanently fixed to the platform and do not change with the water level. In the methods, we describe how to add a depth measurement to each observation.

本研究于2009年至2023年期间，针对美国弗吉尼亚州文顿市比弗达姆水库（Beaverdam Reservoir，地理坐标37.31288, -79.8159）开展水位与水质监测工作，采用人工目视观测与高频（10分钟、15分钟间隔）传感器相结合的监测方案。所有监测变量均在紧邻大坝的水库最深测点完成采集。
比弗达姆水库（Beaverdam Reservoir）由弗吉尼亚西部水务管理局（Western Virginia Water Authority）所有并运营，作为弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克市的第二饮用水源。
本数据包包含3个数据集：1）BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv；2）BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv；3）BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv。
1）BVR_WaterLevel_2009_2023.csv：收录弗吉尼亚西部水务管理局（Western Virginia Water Authority）与弗吉尼亚理工大学水库小组LTREB野外工作组的人工水尺水位观测数据。本数据集覆盖2009年至2023年，目前仍在持续开展数据采集工作。
2）BVRSensorString_2016_2020.csv：包含水库表层至水下10.5米处、间隔约1米的水温剖面数据，配套搭载随季节调整布设位置的溶解氧记录仪，分别设置于5米或10米水深。此外，在约1.5米水深处部署了多参数水质探头（sonde），可同步监测水温、电导率、比电导率、叶绿素a、藻蓝蛋白、总溶解固体、溶解氧、荧光性溶解有机物与浊度。本数据集覆盖2016年至2020年，末次观测后未再新增采集数据。
3）BVRPlatform_2020_2023.csv：本数据集目前仍在持续采集数据，包含以下内容：
a）温度链监测数据：布设13个温度传感器，传感器间距约1米，覆盖从水库表层至沉积物上方0.5米的水深范围；
b）2台溶解氧传感器，1台部署于温度链中部，1台部署于沉积物上方；
c）1台部署于沉积物正上方的压力传感器。
本数据集同时搭载了2016-2020年数据集所用的同款多参数水质探头（sonde），布设位置为水面下1.5米处。温度链上的传感器（热敏电阻、溶解氧传感器与压力传感器）均永久固定于监测平台，不会随水位变化而发生位置偏移。方法部分将详述如何为每条观测数据添加水深校正参数。