钴60诱变选育平菇新菌株的研究

利用 60Co-γ 射线诱变平菇原生质体创制平菇新种质。通过 3 个剂量的 60Co-γ 射线辐照处理平菇原生质体悬浮液，统计不同剂量的致死率，利用拮抗试验、SSR 分子标记筛选突变菌株，通过出菇试验筛选优良的平菇新菌株。平菇原生质体在 0.9 KGy 的诱变处理下致死率为 0%，在1.2 KGy 的诱变处理下菌株致死率 63.33%，在 1.5 KGy 的诱变处理下菌株致死率为 76.67%。经拮抗试验和 SSR 分子标记筛选，获得了 8 株突变菌株，出菇试验结果表明 7 个突变菌株产量和生物学效率均有不同程度的降低，菌盖颜色也略有变化，其中突变菌株 1.5-P4 的产量较对照降低了 41.92%；而突变菌株 1.2-P1 为高产菌株，其产量达 437.95±12.22 g/袋，较对照菌株提高了 9.76%，生物学效率较 CK 提高了10.38%。

New germplasm resources of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) were created via mutagenesis of its protoplasts using ⁶⁰Co-γ rays. Three doses of ⁶⁰Co-γ rays were used to irradiate the protoplast suspension of P. ostreatus, with the mortality rates under each dose being recorded. Mutant strains were screened through antagonism tests and SSR molecular markers, while elite new oyster mushroom strains were selected through fruiting trials. The mortality rate of P. ostreatus protoplasts was 0% under 0.9 kGy mutagenic treatment, 63.33% under 1.2 kGy, and 76.67% under 1.5 kGy. A total of 8 mutant strains were obtained following the above screening procedures. Results of the fruiting trials showed that the yield and biological efficiency of 7 mutant strains decreased to varying degrees, and their pileus color also changed slightly. Among them, the yield of mutant strain 1.5-P4 was 41.92% lower than that of the control strain. In contrast, mutant strain 1.2-P1 was a high-yielding strain, with a yield of 437.95 ± 12.22 g per bag, which was 9.76% higher than the control strain, and its biological efficiency was 10.38% higher than that of CK.