ESS10

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven cross-national survey, founded in 2001. It has been administered in 40 countries to date. Its three aims are, firstly – to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions, secondly – to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond, and thirdly – to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators. The survey involves strict random probability sampling, high response rate and rigorous translation protocols.

ESS data collection is based on an hour-long face-to-face interview. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at Round 10, a total of 9 countries switched to a self-completion (web and paper) approach, while 22 countries used ESS’s usual face-to-face fieldwork approach. In addition, countries opting for the usual face-to-face approach, could use video interviews as a back-up for the in-person interviews. Caution is advised when making comparisons between countries using face-to-face and self-completion approaches at ESS Round 10, and when making time series comparisons in a country that has used a self-completion approach at Round 10.

Another impact of the pandemic was that Round 10 fieldwork was carried out over a longer period than a usual ESS Round. The first country started fieldwork in September 2020 and the final countries finished fieldwork in August 2022. The pandemic may have resulted in some attitudinal and behavioural changes; therefore, the timing of fieldwork may be particularly important at this round. Users are encouraged to review the fieldwork dates for countries and consider this when carrying out analysis between Round 10 participating countries, or when comparing country level results at Round 10 with previous ESS rounds.

The tenth ESS round covers 31 countries. It includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and also two modules developed for Round 10. These are Digital Social Contacts in Work and Family Life, and Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy (the latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 6).

From Round 7 the ESS has been legally established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). Central costs are funded through ESS ERIC membership fee (Members, Observers and Guests), while costs of fieldwork and national coordination are funded nationally.

欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey，简称ESS）是一项由学术主导的跨国调查项目，于2001年正式创立。截至目前，该调查已在40个国家实施。其三大核心目标如下：其一，监测并解析欧洲境内不断演变的公众态度与价值观，探究其与欧洲持续变革的制度体系之间的互动关系；其二，推动并优化适用于欧洲乃至全球的跨国调查测量方法；其三，开发一系列欧洲社会指标，其中包含态度类指标。该调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，具备较高的应答率，并遵循严谨的翻译规范流程。

ESS的数据收集依托于时长一小时的面对面访谈形式。受第十轮调查期间新冠疫情影响，共有9个国家改用自填式（网络与纸质）调查方式，另有22个国家沿用ESS常规的面对面实地调查模式。此外，选择常规面对面调查的国家，可将视频访谈作为线下访谈的备用方案。在对ESS第十轮调查中采用不同调查模式的国家进行比较时，以及对某一在第十轮调查中采用自填式调查的国家开展时间序列比较时，均需谨慎处理数据结果。

疫情带来的另一项影响是，第十轮调查的实地工作周期较常规ESS轮次更长。首个国家于2020年9月启动实地调查，最后一批国家则于2022年8月完成全部调查工作。疫情可能引发了部分公众态度与行为层面的变化，因此本轮调查的实地调查时间节点尤为关键。我们建议使用者查阅各参与国的实地调查日期，并在对第十轮调查参与国开展分析，或是将第十轮调查的国家层面结果与此前各轮ESS数据进行比较时，将这一因素纳入考量范畴。

第十轮ESS调查覆盖31个国家，其问卷既包含此前各轮调查重复使用的各类核心议题，也设置了专为第十轮开发的两个模块：《工作与家庭生活中的数字化社会接触（Digital Social Contacts in Work and Family Life）》与《对民主的认知与评价（Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy）》（后者为第六轮调查某模块的部分重复内容）。

自第七轮调查起，ESS已正式注册为欧洲研究基础设施联合会（European Research Infrastructure Consortium，简称ERIC）。其核心运营成本由ESS ERIC的会员费（会员、观察员与访客）承担，而实地调查与全国协调的相关成本则由各国自行负担。