Mineralogy of the gold deposit in Carlés, Salas, Asturias, Spain

The so called Narcea River Gold Belt, in Asturias, is a set of mineralised veins stretching for 45 km between Luarca and Ibias. Many of the gold deposits had already been discovered and exploited in Roman times, with significant mining operations. The Carlés skarn was created by the intrusion ofmonzogranite (granodiorite) into the limestones and dolomites of the Lower Devonian. Carlés has several types of mineralization. The most important from an economic point of view is calciumexoskarn, with garnet and pyroxene as the most abundant components and copper and gold sulfides as economically valuable minerals. There is also a later hydrothermal mineralization, which gave rise to two large veins rich in antimony ores. The variety of sulphides contained in both theskarn and in the hydrothermal veins lead to a high number of mineral species produced by supergene alteration.所谓的纳尔塞亚河金矿带（Narcea River Gold Belt）位于阿斯图里亚斯（Asturias），是一条沿卢阿尔卡（Luarca）与伊维阿斯（Ibias）之间延伸45公里的矿化脉群。早在罗马时期，该区域的多处金矿床就已被发现并开采，彼时存在规模可观的采矿作业。卡尔莱斯夕卡岩（Carlés skarn）由二长花岗岩（monzogranite）侵入下泥盆统的石灰岩与白云岩中形成，原文中该侵入岩也可称为花岗闪长岩（granodiorite）。该夕卡岩存在多种矿化类型：从经济价值维度考量，最为重要的是钙夕卡岩，其主要造岩矿物为石榴子石与辉石，具经济价值的矿物则为铜硫化物与金硫化物。此外还存在一期后期热液矿化作用，形成了两条富含锑矿石的大型矿脉。夕卡岩与热液矿脉中赋存的多种硫化物经表生蚀变（supergene alteration）作用后，衍生出了丰富的矿物种类。