Tipificação das famílias de oito assentamentos rurais da região de Andradina (SP), com base em diferentes estratégias de produção e comercialização

This article intends to provide a typology of the families that are settled in the region of Andradina (Sao Paulo state), according to the main production and commercialization systems and to the presence (or not) of agricultural income diversification. The empiric data used to form the groups originate from socioeconomic questionnaires that had been applied to 169 families of eight rural settlements and also from 80 interviews. The groups were compared with each other, starting from the family´s profile; patrimony; credit and technical support; self-consumption production; and the lot´s external income. The strategy to increase the production and the productivity (dairy cattle) is limited to less than a quarter of the producers, however different strategies had been used by families, such as the diversification of the agricultural income and the direct sale to the consumer or to the retail trade. The association of the production diversification with the use, in a regular way, of differentiated channels of commercialization demonstrated a strategy capable to approximate the indicators of this type of producer comparing with those that focused on increasing the production and the productivity. This verification is important because, even though there is no necessary contradiction among both strategies, a part of the families does not have resources, infrastructure and/or technical qualification to follow the way of the productive intensification and others do not have this project as a priority.

本文旨在依据主要生产与商业化模式，以及农业收入多元化的存在与否，对圣保罗州（Sao Paulo state）安拉迪纳（Andradina）地区的定居农户开展类型学分类。
用于构建农户分组的实证数据，来源于针对8个农村定居点的169户农户实施的社会经济调查问卷，以及80次访谈。
本次研究从家庭概况、家庭资产、信贷与技术支持、自给性生产以及家庭外部收入等维度，对各组农户展开对比分析。
提升生产规模与生产效率的策略（以奶牛养殖为例）仅被不足四分之一的农户采用；而多数农户则采用了差异化经营策略，例如实现农业收入多元化，以及直接面向消费者或零售业开展直销。
将生产多元化与常规采用差异化商业化渠道相结合的策略，可使采用该策略的农户的经营指标，趋近于专注于提升生产规模与生产效率的农户的指标水平。
这一研究结论具有重要意义：尽管这两类策略之间并无必然冲突，但部分农户缺乏资源、基础设施和/或技术资质以推行生产集约化路径，另有部分农户则未将生产集约化作为优先发展目标。