Supplementary Material for: Music from noise-canceling headphones is beneficial against anxiety in male bladder cancer patients undergoing follow-up cystoscopy: A prospective randomized trial

Introduction: Bladder cancer, with a greater incidence in males than in females, requires frequent cystoscopies. We aim to evaluate the effect of music played through noise-canceling headphones on male bladder cancer patients during follow-up cystoscopy.
Methods: A total of 160 male bladder cancer patients undergoing follow-up flexible cystoscopy were randomly divided into the noise-canceling headphones without music group and the noise-canceling headphones with music group (groups 1 and 2, respectively; n = 80 per group). The patients’ clinical characteristics were examined and objective and subjective measurements were compared before and after cystoscopy. The primary outcomes that were evaluated included the visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10) and the state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI, 20–80). Other outcomes, including vital signs and scores for assessing satisfaction and the willingness to repeat the procedure, were also examined.
Results: The characteristics of the patients in groups 1 and 2, and their pre-cystoscopy status, did not differ significantly. Although post-cystoscopy vital signs for the objective parameters and VAS pain scores were similar between the groups, subjective parameters were not. When compared with group 1, post-cystoscopy STAI-state scores were significantly lower in group 2, whereas patients’ satisfaction scores and the willingness to repeat the procedure were significantly higher in group 2 (p = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Additionally, in group 2, STAI-state scores changed significantly after the procedure when compared with before the procedure (p = 0.002).
Conclusion: In male bladder cancer patients, music from noise-canceling headphones might have reduced anxiety and improved satisfaction and the willingness to repeat cystoscopy.

引言：膀胱癌的男性发病率高于女性，且患者需频繁接受膀胱镜检查。本研究旨在评估降噪耳机播放音乐对接受随访膀胱镜检查的男性膀胱癌患者的影响。
方法：本研究共纳入160名拟接受随访软性膀胱镜检查的男性膀胱癌患者，采用随机分组方式分为无音乐降噪耳机组（组1）与有音乐降噪耳机组（组2），每组各80例。收集患者的临床特征资料，并对比膀胱镜检查前后的客观与主观测量指标。本研究的主要结局指标包括视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analog Scale, VAS，0~10分）与状态-特质焦虑量表（State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI，20~80分）。次要结局指标则涵盖生命体征、满意度评分以及重复接受该操作的意愿评分。
结果：组1与组2患者的基线特征及膀胱镜检查前的状态均无显著差异。尽管两组患者膀胱镜检查后的客观生命体征参数与VAS疼痛评分无明显差异，但主观参数存在显著区别。与组1相比，组2患者膀胱镜检查后的状态焦虑评分（STAI-state）显著更低，而患者的满意度评分与重复接受该操作的意愿评分则显著更高（分别对应p=0.002、0.001与0.001）。此外，组2患者在接受检查后，其STAI-state评分较检查前发生了显著变化（p=0.002）。
结论：对于男性膀胱癌患者而言，通过降噪耳机播放的音乐或可降低其焦虑水平，并提升患者的满意度与重复接受膀胱镜检查的意愿。