Data from: Molecular characterization and population structure of the macaw palm, Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae), ex situ germplasm collection using microsatellites markers

The Acrocomia aculeata is one of the most promising plants for sustainable production of renewable energy. In order to understand patterns of the distribution of the allelic diversity of A. aculeata ex situ germplasm collection, the present study investigated the hypothesis that the genetic variability of the accessions may match their geographical origin. A genotypic analysis of 77 A. aculeata accessions was conducted with 6 simple sequence repeat markers. A high degree of molecular diversity among the accessions was found, with an average of 9 alleles per locus and a polymorphic information content with a mean of 0.76. A total of 4 clusters was identified by the Bayesian analysis of population structure. The highest subpopulation diversity was identified in Pop1, mainly formed by accessions from State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The populations Pop2A, Pop2B, and Pop2C, all from the State of Minas Gerais, showed high genetic variability as determined by a higher F st, and a wide genetic variance, which were identified within and among the population by analysis of molecular variance. Based on our results and on Vavilov’s theory on crop origins, one possible diversity center for A. aculeata is proposed to be in a region in southeast Brazil.

尖刺刺椰（Acrocomia aculeata）是最具可持续生产可再生能源潜力的植物之一。为明晰尖刺刺椰异地种质资源库的等位基因多样性分布模式，本研究验证了“供试种质的遗传变异或与其地理起源相匹配”这一假说。本研究采用6个简单序列重复（simple sequence repeat, SSR）标记，对77份尖刺刺椰供试种质开展基因型分析。结果显示，供试种质间存在极高的分子多样性，每个位点平均包含9个等位基因，平均多态信息含量（polymorphic information content, PIC）达0.76。通过群体结构贝叶斯分析，共鉴定出4个遗传聚类群。其中亚群Pop1的多样性水平最高，该亚群的供试材料主要来源于巴西南马托格罗索州。来自巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的Pop2A、Pop2B与Pop2C三个亚群，经分子方差分析（analysis of molecular variance, AMOVA）检测发现，其群体内及群体间均存在广泛的遗传变异，且具有较高的固定指数Fst，遗传变异特征显著。结合本研究结果与瓦维洛夫作物起源理论，本研究提出巴西东南部区域或为尖刺刺椰的一个潜在多样性中心。