Long-term trends of potential years of life lost due to main causes of death in the Slovak population, 2004-2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate trends of potential years of life lost (PYLL) rates in the Slovak population and analyze the average annual percent change (AAPC) of PYLL rates regarding the most common causes of death between 2004 and 2013. National mortality and demographic data were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, and 378,535 causes of death within the period were analyzed. The PYLL values in both genders and each disease category were added up across all age groups to form annual values. For the trend analysis, the AAPC indicator was proposed. The PYLL rate is age-standardized and expressed as a sum of all deaths per 100,000. In the period 2004-2013, the highest mean PYLL rates were observed in neoplasms in the whole population (2,103 per 100,000), as well as in females (2,088 per 100,000), with a permanent high significant increase of AAPC of PYLL in both genders. The second highest mean PYLL rate in the ten-year period was related to circulatory system diseases in total (1,922 per 100,000) as well as in females (1,449 per 100,000). In males, circulatory system diseases had the highest PYLL rate (2,397 per 100,000). The PYLL rates trend regarding external causes of morbidity and mortality showed the most notable decrease in the assessed period and the AAPC of PYLL showed significant negative values both in males (-2.5%; p < 0.001) and females (-4%; p < 0.001). Our results should contribute in developing intervention programs aimed at reducing the burden of premature mortality since the main causes of premature death are associated to well-known and preventable risk factors.

本研究旨在评估斯洛伐克人群潜在寿命损失年（potential years of life lost, PYLL）率的变化趋势，并分析2004至2013年间，针对最常见死亡病因的PYLL率的年度平均变化率（average annual percent change, AAPC）。本研究的全国死亡率与人口统计数据均获取自斯洛伐克共和国统计局，分析了该时段内共计378535例死亡病因数据。将男女两性及各疾病分类下的PYLL值按全部年龄组进行汇总，得到年度PYLL值。趋势分析采用AAPC指标。PYLL率经年龄标准化处理，以每10万人对应的总死亡例数表示。2004-2013年间，全人群及女性的PYLL率最高值均见于肿瘤类疾病（分别为2103/10万与2088/10万），且两性的PYLL率AAPC均呈现持续显著的增长趋势。十年间平均PYLL率位列第二的病因类别为循环系统疾病：全人群中为1922/10万，女性中为1449/10万；而在男性群体中，循环系统疾病的PYLL率最高，达2397/10万。与外因性致病及死亡原因相关的PYLL率在本次评估期内降幅最为显著，两性的PYLL率AAPC均呈现显著负值：男性为-2.5%（p<0.001），女性为-4%（p<0.001）。本研究结果可为制定旨在减轻过早死亡负担的干预方案提供参考，因为过早死亡的主要病因与已知且可预防的危险因素密切相关。