青海湖-世界地理数据大百科辞条

青海湖（QingHai Lake）位于青藏高原东北隅，青海省境内，是我国最大的内陆高原咸水湖，蒙语和藏语分别又称“库诺尔”和“措温布”，均意为“青色的海”。地理位置为36&deg32′56″N - 37&deg14′5″N；99&deg36′58″E - 100&deg45′32″E。青海湖四周群山环绕，是大通山、日月山、与青海南山之间隆起形成的断陷盆地，呈西北高而东南低的势态，湖区面积4304.79 km&sup2(2015年)，湖岸线长501.04 km(2015年)，湖中心有海心山、三块石、鸟岛、海西山和沙岛五个形态各异的岛屿。其中最大岛屿的面积为1.17 km&sup2(2015年)，岸线长5.52 km(2015年)；最小岛屿的面积为4666 m&sup2(2015年)，岸线长338.42 m(2015年)。湖区位于高原大陆性气候区，高寒干燥，年平均降水量370 mm左右；年蒸发量1500 mm左右；水源多以季节性河流补给为主，其主要补给河流有布哈河、乌哈阿兰河、沙柳河、哈里根河、甘子河、倒淌河和黑马河等7条河流，其中布哈河是湖区内最大的地表径流。青海湖地区旅游资源丰富，2011年被评为国家5A级旅游景区，2012年被列为国家地质公园。

Qinghai Lake, situated in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and within the administrative boundaries of Qinghai Province, is the largest inland plateau saltwater lake in China. It is also known as "Kukunor" in Mongolian and "Tso Ngönpo" in Tibetan, both of which translate to "the cyan sea". Its geographical coordinates range from 36°32′56″N to 37°14′5″N and 99°36′58″E to 100°45′32″E. Surrounded by mountain ranges on all sides, the lake lies in a rift basin formed by the uplift between the Datong Mountains, the Sun-Moon Mountains and the Qinghai Nanshan Mountains, with a terrain higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. As of 2015, the lake area covers 4304.79 km² and the shoreline stretches 501.04 km. Five islands with distinct shapes are located in the lake center: Haixin Mountain, Three Stones, Bird Island, Haixi Mountain and Sand Island. The largest island has an area of 1.17 km² and a shoreline length of 5.52 km, both data recorded in 2015; the smallest island spans an area of 4666 m² with a shoreline of 338.42 m, also measured in 2015. The lake region belongs to the plateau continental climate zone, featuring cold and arid conditions, with an annual average precipitation of approximately 370 mm and an annual evaporation of around 1500 mm. Most of its water supply comes from seasonal rivers, and the primary recharge rivers include the Buha River, Uhalan River, Shaliu River, Hargai River, Ganzi River, Daotang River and Heima River, among which the Buha River is the largest surface runoff in the region. The Qinghai Lake area boasts abundant tourism resources: it was rated as a National 5A-level Tourist Scenic Area in 2011 and inscribed as a National Geopark in 2012.