IEA Closing Oil Stock Levels in Days of Net Imports, Monthly Update

IEA member countries’ closing oil stock levels in days of net imports monthly data. Each IEA member country, excluding net exporters (Canada, Denmark and Norway), has an obligation to have oil stock levels that equate to no less than 90 days of net imports. The IEA minimum stockholding obligation is based on net imports of all oil, including both primary products (such as crude oil, natural gas liquids [NGLs]) and refined products. It does not cover naphtha and volumes of oil used for international marine bunkers. The 90-day commitment of each IEA member country is based on average daily net imports of the previous calendar year. This commitment can be met through both stocks held exclusively for emergency purposes and stocks held for commercial or operational use, including stocks held at refineries, at port facilities, and in tankers in ports. The obligation specifies several types of stocks that cannot be counted toward the commitment, including military stocks, volumes in tankers at sea, in pipelines or at service stations, or amounts held by end-consumers (tertiary stocks). It also does not include crude oil not yet produced. Member countries can arrange to store oil outside of their national boundaries and include such stocks in meeting their minimum requirement. This option is particularly important for countries in which storage capacity constraints or supply logistics make domestic storage insufficient. To exercise this option and count the stocks held abroad toward the obligation, the governments involved must have bilateral agreements assuring unconditional access to the stocks in an emergency. When evaluating a country's compliance with the 90-day obligation, the IEA applies a 10% deduction to its total stocks, net any oil held under bilateral agreements. This accounts for any volumes that are technically unavailable (such as tank bottoms).国际能源署（International Energy Agency, IEA）成员国按净进口天数统计的期末石油库存月度数据集。除净出口国（加拿大、丹麦、挪威）外，所有IEA成员国均有义务将石油库存水平维持在不低于90天净进口量的标准。IEA设定的最低库存义务基于所有石油的净进口量，涵盖原油、天然气凝析液（Natural Gas Liquids, NGLs）等初级石油产品及成品油，但不包括石脑油以及用于国际船舶燃料的石油用量。各成员国的90天库存义务以上一历年的日均净进口量为核算基准。该义务可通过两类库存满足：一是专为应急目的储备的库存，二是用于商业或运营用途的库存，包括炼油厂、港口设施及港口内油轮中持有的库存。该义务明确规定了若干不得计入库存承诺的库存类型，包括军用库存、海上油轮、管道或加油站内的石油储量，以及终端消费者持有的三级库存。同时未包含尚未开采的原油。成员国可安排在本国境外储存石油，并将此类库存计入其最低库存义务的达标库存。对于因储存能力限制或供应物流问题导致国内储存能力不足的国家而言，该选项尤为重要。若要启用该选项并将境外储存的库存计入义务达标量，相关各国政府需签署双边协议，确保在紧急情况下可无条件调用该部分库存。在评估成员国是否符合90天库存义务时，IEA会对该国总库存（扣除双边协议项下持有的石油后）扣减10%，以核算技术上无法动用的储量（如油舱底部残油）。