Pluriatividade, Pobreza Rural e Serviço Doméstico Remunerado

This paper tries to analyze, based on the micro data of the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNDA) – years 1992-1999 and 2001 – the share of the paid domestic service income between some types of poor rural families that presented negative growing taxes in the 90s, showing that in different cases, the paid domestic service income better explains the reduction of rural poverty than governmental transferences (retirements and pensions). We made a brief analysis of the evolution of different types of rural extensive families (and poor) in the 90s, besides a comparative analysis among the big regions of the country with respect to the average and per capita incomes of different types of rural families, adopting as reference 2001. We tried also to demonstrate that the reduction of the poor rural families is due to, in this case, because they are becoming non-occupied families, residents in the rural areas, and not only because of agricultural exodus (substitution of the agricultural activities for the non-agricultural activities) and/or rural-urban exodus. To test these hypotheses, we adopted as reference the rural poverty line created by Takagi et al (2001) – of U$ 1,08 – and the new tipology of extensive families developed by the Projeto Rurbano.

本文基于巴西全国住户抽样调查（Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios，PNDA）1992—1999年及2001年的微观数据，对20世纪90年代呈现负增长的部分贫困农村家庭的有偿家政服务收入占比展开分析。研究表明，在不同场景下，有偿家政服务收入对农村贫困率降低的解释力优于政府转移支付（养老金与退休金）。此外，本文还简要分析了20世纪90年代各类贫困农村大家庭的演变趋势，并以2001年为基准，针对该国各大区域开展比较分析，对比不同类型农村家庭的平均收入与人均收入水平。本文同时试图论证，本研究情境下农村贫困家庭数量的缩减，源于这类家庭正转变为农村地区的无业家庭，而非仅由农业劳动力外流（以非农业活动替代农业活动）和/或乡城迁移所导致。为验证上述假说，本文采用了Takagi等（2001）设定的农村贫困线（1.08美元），以及Rurbano项目（Projeto Rurbano）开发的新型大家庭分类标准。