THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped language learning practices and theoretical perspectives in applied linguistics. AI-driven technologies, including intelligent tutoring systems, automated feedback tools, and conversational agents, offer personalized and immediate learning support. Despite these advantages, concerns have emerged regarding learner autonomy, cognitive dependency, and the depth of linguistic competence acquired through AI-mediated learning. This article critically examines the dual impact of AI on language learning, focusing on its influence on motivation, engagement, and linguistic development in EFL contexts. Drawing on classroom-based observations and existing literature, the study highlights both the transformative potential and the limitations of AI integration. The findings suggest that while AI enhances accessibility and efficiency, its effectiveness depends on pedagogically informed implementation that preserves human interaction and critical thinking.