基于景观功能评价法（LFA）的 5 种恢复模式景观功能综合评价: 以乌海市典型露天煤矿排土场为例

对矿区废弃地生态恢复效果的评价通常只考虑植被配置对土壤性质的改良，较少从景观角度对不同人工生态恢复模式进行评价和筛选。以乌海市露天煤矿排土场为研究区，选取 5 种典型恢复模式并以天然灌草群落的景观功能为恢复目标进行对比，运用并优化景观功能评价法( LFA) 评价不同恢复模式下矿区排土场的斑块面积指标( A1) 、景观结构指标( A2) 及土壤稳定性( Sa) 、渗透性( If) 、养分循环( Ne) 指数，通过最大方差法计算各指标权重得到景观结构功能综合评价指标( Fl) 。

Evaluations of ecological restoration effects on mining wastelands typically only focus on the improvement of soil properties via vegetation configurations, and rarely conduct evaluations and screening of different artificial ecological restoration models from a landscape perspective. Taking the dump of an open-pit coal mine in Wuhai City as the study area, five typical restoration models were selected and compared, with the landscape function of natural shrub-grass communities serving as the restoration target. The Landscape Function Assessment (LFA) method was applied and optimized to assess the patch area index (A1), landscape structure index (A2), as well as soil stability (Sa), permeability (If), and nutrient cycling (Ne) indices of the mining dumps under various restoration models. The comprehensive evaluation index of landscape structure and function (Fl) was derived by calculating the weights of each indicator using the maximum variance method.