Evaluation of preterm infants during the first offering of the maternal breastfeeding in a neonatal intensive care unit

PURPOSE: to evaluate newborn prematures during the first offering of maternal breast in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: 15 mother-newborn dyads were assessed during the first offering of maternal breast in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Maternity Mario Totta in the Hospital Santa Clara da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre. The data collection occurred in three parts with each dyad: 1st) Consulting the medical records of newborns and filling out a form. 2nd) Applying a structured questionnaire to mothers. 3rd) Assessment of the first offer of maternal breast applying the Speech Therapy Evaluation Form feedings. RESULTS: 46.7% of newborn had prematurity as the sole reason for admission, 60% were already in speech therapy before initiating breastfeeding. Mean maternal age was 29.27 + / - 8.058 years and 73.3% had a stable relationship with the father of the newborn. It was found that the higher the corrected gestational age of newborns, the best conditions for making the handle and milking breast, and final classification of breastfeeding. The more days of life the newborn had, the better the handle in the maternal breast. CONCLUSION: prematurity was the main factor against breastfeeding, however, the positive characteristics of the mothers, a like educational level, marital status and previous experience in breastfeeding and the early onset of therapeutic sessions in most premature may have provided good results in the first offering of the maternal breast.

研究目的：本研究旨在评估新生儿重症监护室（Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, NICU）内早产新生儿首次接受母亲母乳喂养时的相关状态。
研究方法：本研究于阿雷格里港圣卡萨·德·米塞里科迪亚圣克拉拉医院马里奥·托塔产科病区的新生儿重症监护室内开展，共对15对母婴在首次接受母亲母乳喂养时进行评估。针对每对母婴，数据收集分为三个环节：1）查阅新生儿病历并填写相关表格；2）向产妇发放结构化问卷开展调查；3）采用言语治疗喂养评估表（Speech Therapy Feeding Evaluation Form）对首次母乳喂养过程进行评估。
研究结果：本研究结果显示，46.7%的早产新生儿仅以早产作为入院的唯一原因；60%的产妇在启动母乳喂养前已接受言语治疗。产妇平均年龄为29.27±8.058岁，73.3%的产妇与新生儿父亲保持稳定伴侣关系。研究发现，新生儿校正胎龄（corrected gestational age）越高，其含接乳房、有效吸吮以及母乳喂养最终分级的状况越好；新生儿出生后存活天数越多，其含接母亲乳房的表现越佳。
研究结论：早产是阻碍母乳喂养的主要危险因素，但产妇的积极特质（如受教育水平、婚姻状况、既往母乳喂养经验），以及多数早产新生儿早期接受治疗干预，或可为首次母乳喂养带来良好效果。