Data from: Sea urchins in a high-CO2 world: the influence of acclimation on the immune response to ocean warming and acidification

Climate−induced ocean warming and acidification may render marine organisms more vulnerable to infectious diseases. We investigated the effects of warming and acidification on the immune response of the sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris erythrogramma</i>. Sea urchins were gradually introduced to four combinations of temperature and pHNIST (17°C/pH 8.15, 17°C/pH 7.6, 23°C/pH 8.15, and 23°C/pH 7.6) and then held in temperature-pH treatments for 1, 15, or 30 days to determine if the immune response would adjust to stressors over time. Coelomocyte concentration and type, phagocytic capacity, and bactericidal activity were measured on day 1, 15, and 30 with different sea urchins used each time. At each time point, the coelomic fluid of individuals exposed to increased temperature and acidification had the lowest coelomocyte concentrations, exhibited lower phagocytic capacities, and was least effective at inhibiting bacterial growth of the pathogen <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>. Over time, increased temperature alleviated the negative effects of acidification on phagocytic activity. Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating acclimation time to multiple stressors when assessing potential responses to future ocean conditions and indicate that the immune response of <i>H. erythrogramma</i> may be compromised under near-future ocean warming and acidification.

气候诱导的海洋增温与酸化，可能会使海洋生物更易受传染性疾病侵袭。本研究探究了增温与酸化对海胆（*Heliocidaris erythrogramma*）免疫应答的影响。研究人员将海胆逐步适应四种温度与pH_NIST（NIST标准pH）组合条件：17°C/pH 8.15、17°C/pH 7.6、23°C/pH 8.15及23°C/pH 7.6，随后将其置于对应温度-pH处理组中分别培养1、15或30天，以探究免疫应答是否会随时间推移适应胁迫环境。分别于第1、15、30天测定体腔细胞（coelomocyte）浓度与类型、吞噬能力以及杀菌活性，且每次实验均使用不同个体的海胆。在每个采样时间点，同时暴露于增温与酸化胁迫的个体，其体腔液中的体腔细胞浓度最低，吞噬能力也更弱，且对病原菌鳗弧菌（*Vibrio anguillarum*）生长的抑制效果最差。随着培养时间延长，增温可缓解酸化对吞噬活性的负面影响。本研究结果表明，在评估海洋生物对未来海洋环境的潜在响应时，需纳入多胁迫因子适应时长这一变量；同时也显示，*H. erythrogramma*的免疫应答在近未来海洋增温与酸化环境下可能会受到损害。