Report: “Development fields: Suitability foreshore protection — Cappeler Tief (2003)»

Long stretches along the coast, the salt marshes, unless already structurally secured, are in demolition. The actual problems cause erosion at the foreland edge, not surface erosion. Coastal protection therefore increasingly requires measures to secure the demolition edges. Nature conservation also observes these demolitions with concern, but is facing the conflict that — if appropriate safeguards are taken — to counteract other objectives of nature conservation in the national park. The National Park Administration “Lower Saxony Wadden Sea” (NLP-V) has therefore classified the problem of edge demolition and dealing with these demolitions as a topic of particular importance. As a possible compromise between coastal protection and nature conservation, the development of stretching fields is discussed. These stretching fields are deposited upstream of the existing salt marshes in the demolition under suitable boundary conditions. As a result, the demolition at the edge can be significantly slowed down and in many cases even stopped in the long term. At the same time, this measure promotes landscaping and thus the formation of salt meadows. While coastal protection considers the stretching fields primarily from the point of view of the protective effect, nature conservation evaluates stretching fields primarily under the objectives of the national park. An essential aspect of this is the efficiency of such stretching fields for the natural balance. Therefore, nature-related areas are particularly interesting for nature conservation. So far, however, little experience and knowledge have been available for this purpose. On the part of the NLP-V, there is therefore a great interest in maintaining a better level of knowledge about the effects and development possibilities of planting areas that are close to nature, in particular in order to be able to design and evaluate possible future stretching buildings in a better way in terms of nature conservation. [...] As part of this project, the present thesis prepares the sedimentological morphological and vegetation-related data and partially translates them into a geographical information system. Ultimately, the aim is to evaluate the uncrowded and unpaved, i.e. relatively naturally developed stretching fields at the Cappeler Tief with regard to their suitability and/or performance for the objectives of nature conservation in the National Park. Based on this, criteria for securing decisions in future planning are developed and objectives are formulated. The project was funded by the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea Foundation.沿海岸线延伸的大片盐沼（salt marshes），若未预先采取结构加固措施，均面临岸线蚀退风险。其核心问题体现为岸滩前缘的侵蚀，而非表层侵蚀。因此，海岸防护工作愈发需要针对蚀退岸线边缘采取加固措施。自然保护领域亦对这类岸线蚀退现象深表担忧，但却面临一项矛盾：若采取适当防护措施，将与该国家公园内自然保护的其他目标相悖。下萨克森瓦登海国家公园管理局（National Park Administration "Lower Saxony Wadden Sea"，缩写NLP-V）因此将岸线蚀退问题及应对方案列为重点议题。作为协调海岸防护与自然保护之间的潜在折中方案，学界正探讨拓展滩涂（stretching fields）的开发。这类拓展滩涂可在适宜边界条件下，于现有盐沼前方的蚀退区域内沉积形成。如此一来，岸线前缘的蚀退速度可得到显著减缓，长期来看甚至可完全终止。与此同时，该措施可促进景观塑造，进而助力盐生草甸的形成。海岸防护视角下，拓展滩涂的核心价值在于其防护效能；而自然保护领域则主要依据该国家公园的目标来评估拓展滩涂的价值。其中一项核心要点在于，这类拓展滩涂对自然生态平衡的维系效率。因此，具有自然属性的滩涂区域成为自然保护领域的重点关注对象。然而迄今为止，针对该领域的相关经验与认知仍较为匮乏。[...]因此，下萨克森瓦登海国家公园管理局（NLP-V）十分期望能够深化对近自然植生区域的效应与开发潜力的认知，尤其希望能够基于自然保护目标，更科学地设计与评估未来可能实施的拓展滩涂工程。作为该项目的组成部分，本论文对沉积学、地貌学与植被相关数据进行整理，并将其中部分内容转化为地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS）。最终，本研究旨在评估卡普勒洼地（Cappeler Tief）区域内那些未受干扰、未经人工改造，即相对自然发育的拓展滩涂，是否符合该国家公园自然保护目标的适配性与效能。基于上述研究将据此制定未来规划中的决策判定标准，并明确相关目标。本项目由下萨克森瓦登海基金会（Lower Saxony Wadden Sea Foundation）资助。