Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP), 1991-2015: 2019 Global Food Policy Report Annex Table 4

Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production—getting more output from the same amount of resources—is critical for improving food security. To measure the efficiency of agricultural systems, we use total factor productivity (TFP). TFP is an indicator of how efficiently agricultural land, labor, capital, and materials (agricultural inputs) are used to produce a country’s crops and livestock (agricultural output)—it is calculated as the ratio of total agricultural output to total production inputs. When more output is produced from a constant amount of resources, meaning that resources are being used more efficiently, TFP increases. Measures of land and labor productivity—partial factor productivity (PFP) measures—are calculated as the ratio of total output to total agricultural area (land productivity) and to the number of economically active persons in agriculture (labor productivity). Because PFP measures are easy to estimate, they are often used to measure agricultural production performance. These measures normally show higher rates of growth than TFP, because growth in land and labor productivity can result not only from increases in TFP but also from a more intensive use of other inputs (such as fertilizer or machinery). Indicators of both TFP and PFP contribute to the understanding of agricultural systems needed for policy and investment decisions by enabling comparisons across time and across countries and regions. The data file provides estimates of IFPRI's TFP and PFP measures for developing countries for three-sub-periods between 1991 and 2014(1991-2000,2001-2010 and 2010-2014). These TFP and PFP estimates were generated using the most recent data from Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (ERS-USDA), the FAOSTAT database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and national statistical sources.

提高农业生产效率——在同等资源投入下获得更多产出——对于提升粮食安全至关重要。为衡量农业系统的效率，我们采用全要素生产率（Total Factor Productivity, TFP）这一指标。全要素生产率是衡量农业土地、劳动力、资本与物资（农业投入品）用于生产一国农作物与畜牧产品（农业产出）的效率的指标，其计算方式为农业总产出与总生产投入的比值。当既定资源投入下产出增加，意味着资源利用效率提升，此时全要素生产率便会增长。土地与劳动力生产率的衡量指标——即部分要素生产率（Partial Factor Productivity, PFP）——分别以总产出与总农业用地面积（土地生产率）、农业经济活动人口数（劳动生产率）的比值计算。由于部分要素生产率的测算简便易行，常被用于衡量农业生产绩效。这类指标的增速通常高于全要素生产率，因为土地与劳动生产率的增长不仅源于全要素生产率提升，也可来自其他投入（如化肥或农机）的集约化使用。全要素生产率与部分要素生产率两类指标均可通过跨时间、跨国别与跨地区的比较，为理解农业系统提供支撑，助力政策制定与投资决策。本数据集文件提供了1991至2014年间三个子阶段（1991-2000年、2001-2010年及2010-2014年）发展中国家的国际粮食政策研究所（International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI）全要素生产率与部分要素生产率测算结果。上述全要素生产率与部分要素生产率的测算结果，基于美国农业部经济研究局（Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, ERS-USDA）、联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO）的FAOSTAT数据库以及各国官方统计数据源的最新数据生成。