Supplementary Material for: Sustained Inflammation of Breast Tumors after Needle Biopsy

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Needle biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis of breast malignancy. Significant histologic changes due to tissue damage have been reported in solid tumors. This study investigated the association between time from needle biopsy and inflammation in breast tumors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 73 stage I–II invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed by image-guided needle biopsy who had surgery as their first definitive treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Time from biopsy to surgical excision ranged from 8 to 252 days. Histological sections of surgically resected tumors with a visible needle tract were reviewed by histologic evaluation. Data were analyzed by McNemar’s test for proportional differences, and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to assess the association between immune cell prevalence and clinical variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Characteristic histology changes, including foreign body giant-cell reaction, synovial-cell metaplasia, desmoplastic repair changes, granulation tissue, fat necrosis, and inflammation, were frequently detected adjacent to the needle tract. Spatial comparison indicated that a higher proportion of cases had neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages adjacent to the needle tract than tumors distant from it. The presence of inflammatory cells adjacent to the needle tract was not associated with time from biopsy or subtype. Still, plasma cells were associated with residual carrier material from biopsy markers. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Macrophages and eosinophils are highly abundant and retained adjacent to the needle tract regardless of time from the biopsy.

**引言：** 穿刺活检（needle biopsy）是乳腺恶性肿瘤明确诊断的必要手段。已有研究报道实体瘤可因组织损伤出现显著组织学改变。本研究探讨了乳腺肿瘤中穿刺活检后的时间间隔与炎症反应之间的关联。
**方法：** 本研究回顾性分析了73例经影像引导下穿刺活检确诊、且以手术作为首次确定性治疗的I~II期浸润性乳腺癌病例。穿刺至手术切除的间隔时间为8至252天。由病理医师对存在可见穿刺针道的手术切除肿瘤组织切片进行组织学评估。数据分析采用麦克内马尔检验（McNemar’s test）进行比例差异分析，并使用本雅明尼-霍赫伯格法（Benjamini-Hochberg procedure）评估免疫细胞占比与临床变量之间的相关性。
**结果：** 穿刺针道旁常可观察到特征性组织学改变，包括异物巨细胞反应、滑膜细胞化生、促纤维增生性修复改变、肉芽组织、脂肪坏死及炎症反应。空间对比分析显示，相较于肿瘤远隔区域，穿刺针道旁可见中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞及巨噬细胞浸润的病例比例更高。穿刺针道旁炎性细胞的存在与穿刺后间隔时间或肿瘤亚型均无关联，但浆细胞与活检标记物残留载体物质存在相关性。
**结论：** 无论穿刺活检后的间隔时长如何，巨噬细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞均大量聚集并留存于穿刺针道旁。