Performance of 'Vitória' pineapple in response to different types of shoots and ages of floral induction

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot types and plant ages for floral induction on the performance of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus). The experiment was carried out from April 2015 to December 2016, using shoots of two different classifications (slips of 100 to 200 g and suckers of 201 to 300 g). Artificial floral induction was performed at the eighth, tenth, and twelfth months after planting, and natural induction was also evaluated. Evaluations for vegetative development, phenology, and productivity were performed. A significant interaction was observed between the studied factors for width and area of the “D” leaf. Shoot type did not influence productivity. Natural flowering extended the crop cycle by 617 days. The induction performed at the eighth month anticipated harvest by up to 167 days. Earlier inductions reduced productivity by 58.15% due to the reduction of fruit mass. Naturally induced plants produced larger fruit ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 kg. Inductions from the eighth to the tenth month promote harvesting in more favorable seasons.

摘要：本研究旨在评估不同蘖枝类型与植龄对‘维多利亚’凤梨（*Ananas comosus*）成花诱导效果及生产性能的影响。本试验于2015年4月至2016年12月开展，供试材料为两种分级的蘖枝：100~200g的小蘖枝（slips）与201~300g的大蘖枝（suckers）。试验分别设置定植后第8、10、12个月进行人工成花诱导的处理，同时设置自然成花诱导组开展评估。研究对植株的营养生长状况、物候期及生产性能进行了测定与分析。结果表明，供试因子（蘖枝类型与植龄）对"D"叶的叶宽与叶面积存在显著交互作用。蘖枝类型对菠萝产量无显著影响。自然成花诱导可使作物生育周期延长617天；定植后第8个月进行成花诱导可使采收期提前最多167天。成花诱导时机过早会因单果质量下降导致减产幅度达58.15%。自然成花诱导的植株所结果实更大，单果质量介于1.0~1.2kg。于定植后第8至10个月开展成花诱导，可使采收期处于更适宜的生产季节。