Five antigenic peptides derived from α-gliadins are known to be involved in celiac decease. For the peptides that can provoke an adaptive immune response in CD patients (HLA-DQ2 restricted or HLA-DQ8
‡, The sequence alignment was obtained using the on line program ClustawlW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/). AA, Number of amino acids. Identity (%), sequence identity in percentage. Q, Ne
Obligate host-associated bacteria with reduced genomes, such as phytoplasmas, face strong evolutionary constraints, including metabolic dependence on hosts, limited opportunities for horizontal gene t
