Uremia causes dysbiosis-mediated periodontal disease

It is presently unclear why there is a high prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). By employing three different rodent models, we demonstrate that experimental uremia causes periodontal bone loss. Uremia alters the biochemical composition of saliva and induces progressive dysbiotic change in the oral microbiome and loss of alveolar bone. PD can be induced in otherwise healthy germ-free mice after transfer of oral microbiota from a uremic animal, whilst co-housing with healthy animals may ameliorate the PD phenotype. Thus we advocate that PD should be regarded as a microbially-mediated inflammatory complication of CKD.