Microbiome Dysbiosis, Chemoprophylaxis, and Tumor Microenvironment in Biliary–Pancreatic Tract Diseases: a scoping Review."

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with poor prognosis, and patients often harbor bile-pancreatic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., making effective antibiotic therapy crucial to prevent resistance and complications. Disruption of the microbiota may impair tumour response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, especially in Advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs).