Renal manifestations of sarcoidosis: from accurate diagnosis to specific treatment

ABSTRACT Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease characterized by epithelioid noncaseating granulomas associated with clinical and radiologic findings. The cause of this disease is still uncertain. Sarcoidosis affects mostly lungs and lymph nodes and is not usually considered a urological disease, therefore, this etiology may be overlooked in several urological disorders, such as hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis. It affects all races and genders. This review aims to describe the urological manifestations of sarcoidosis and to elucidate how the disease may affect the management of numerous urological conditions.

摘要 结节病（Sarcoidosis）是一种以与临床及影像学表现相关的上皮样非干酪样肉芽肿为特征的多系统肉芽肿性疾病，目前其病因仍未明确。结节病主要累及肺脏与淋巴结，通常不被归为泌尿疾病范畴，因此其相关病因可能在高钙血症、高钙尿症及肾结石病等多种泌尿疾病中被忽视。该病可累及所有种族与性别群体。本综述旨在阐述结节病的泌尿临床表现，并阐明该病如何影响多种泌尿疾病的诊疗管理。