BONE GEOMETRY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a systematic review on the practice of physical activity and/or sports in health and its influence on bone geometry of healthy children and adolescents. Data source: The method used as reference was the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Databases searched for articles published from 2006 to 2016, with “Bone geometry” AND (Sport* OR Exercise* OR “Physical Activity”) as descriptors, were PubMed, BIREME/LILACS and SciELO. Data syntheses: After the selection, 21 articles were included. Most studies stated that practice of physical activity and/or sports was beneficial for bone geometry and bone mineral density. Only two studies presented values of bone parameters for control individuals better than those of swimmers. Physical activities and sports studied were: gymnastics (n=7), rhythmic gymnastics (n=2), tennis (n=1), soccer (n=3), capoeira (n=1), swimming (n=4), cycling (n=0), jumping activities (n=2), studies relating physical activity with isokinetic peak torque (n=1), physical activity measured by questionnaire (n=4), and additional physical education classes (n=2). Conclusions: Among the sports and physical activities found, gymnastics, soccer, and more intense physical activity assessed by questionnaires were mentioned along with better results in bone geometry compared to the absence of physical activity, whereas swimming and jumping exercises did not influence it. Therefore, sports activities with weight bearing and those practiced more frequently and intensively are beneficial for bone geometry.

摘要：
研究目的：针对健康儿童青少年的体育活动、体育运动实践及其对骨骼几何结构（Bone geometry）的影响开展系统综述。
数据来源：本研究以《系统综述与元分析首选报告条目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA）为参考方法。检索了2006年至2016年发表的相关文献，检索数据库包括PubMed、BIREME/LILACS及SciELO，检索式为“骨骼几何结构（Bone geometry）” AND（“体育运动（Sport*）” OR “体育锻炼（Exercise*）” OR “身体活动（Physical Activity）”）。
数据综合：经文献筛选后共纳入21项研究。绝大多数研究表明，体育活动与体育运动实践对骨骼几何结构及骨密度具有积极益处。仅2项研究报道的对照组个体骨骼参数值优于游泳运动员组。本研究涉及的体育活动与体育运动类别及对应研究数量如下：体操（n=7）、艺术体操（n=2）、网球（n=1）、足球（n=3）、卡波耶拉（capoeira，n=1）、游泳（n=4）、自行车骑行（n=0）、跳跃运动（n=2）、探讨体育活动与等速峰力矩（isokinetic peak torque）相关性的研究（n=1）、通过问卷调查评估身体活动的研究（n=4），以及增设额外体育课的研究（n=2）。
研究结论：在所纳入的体育运动与身体活动类型中，体操、足球及通过问卷评估的高强度身体活动，相较于无身体活动状态，可获得更优异的骨骼几何结构表现；而游泳与跳跃运动则未对骨骼几何结构产生显著影响。综上，负重类体育运动以及频率更高、强度更大的体育活动，对骨骼几何结构具有积极益处。