R&D spending, researcher absorption and patenting across 16 countries (2000–2023): data, code and reproducible analysis

Reproducible descriptive study of R&D spending, government financing share, researcher employment by sector, and patenting (national-office filings and PCT applications by origin) across 16 countries, 2000-2023. Documents in Spanish; data and code self-documented. CONTENTS: raw official data as downloaded on 12-06-2026 (World Bank WDI; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators: G_FG, B_RS, P_PCT, P_ICTPCT; UNESCO UIS including the SCIARCHIVE March-2021 bulk file); an executed Jupyter notebook that rebuilds the full panel and all figures directly from the raw files; an interactive HTML visualization; the main study with Harvard-style references; and a hypothesis essay ("AGI is dead") with falsifiable tracking signals. KEY FINDINGS (descriptive associations; no causal claims): (1) the government share of R&D financing fell in 12 of 15 countries between 2000 and 2023; (2) the state-to-business transfer of researchers is universal: the within-country correlation between government financing share and the business share of researcher employment is negative in all 13 countries with available data; (3) the business share of researcher employment is the strongest predictor of resident patenting in the panel (R2 = 0.72), above total R&D intensity (R2 = 0.61); (4) the apparent "European anomaly" (absorbing scientists without gaining patents) is largely a measurement artifact of national-office filings: measured by PCT applications by origin, the correlations flip sign (France -0.52 to +0.92; Spain -0.52 to +0.85; Japan -0.83 to +0.92). See README.md inside the deposit for the full file inventory and reproduction instructions.