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Data from: Curvature-induced stiffening of a fish fin|鱼类生物力学数据集|生态学数据集
收藏DataONE2017-06-07 更新2024-06-26 收录
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How fish modulate their fin stiffness during locomotive manoeuvres remains unknown. We show that changing the fin's curvature modulates its stiffness. Modelling the fin as bendable bony rays held together by a membrane, we deduce that fin curvature is manifested as a misalignment of the principal bending axes between neighbouring rays. An external force causes neighbouring rays to bend and splay apart, and thus stretches the membrane. This coupling between bending the rays and stretching the membrane underlies the increase in stiffness. Using three-dimensional reconstruction of a mackerel (Scomber japonicus) pectoral fin for illustration, we calculate the range of stiffnesses this fin is expected to span by changing curvature. The three-dimensional reconstruction shows that, even in its geometrically flat state, a functional curvature is embedded within the fin microstructure owing to the morphology of individual rays. As the ability of a propulsive surface to transmit force to the surrounding fluid is limited by its stiffness, the fin curvature controls the coupling between the fish and its surrounding fluid. Thereby, our results provide mechanical underpinnings and morphological predictions for the hypothesis that the spanned range of fin stiffnesses correlates with the behaviour and the ecological niche of the fish.
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2017-06-07
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包含所有已知小行星的轨道数据和观测数据。数据来源于Minor Planet Center，格式包括Fortran (.DAT)和JSON，数据集大小为81MB（压缩）和450MB（未压缩），记录数约750,000条，每日更新。
github 收录
Population and Housing Census of 2007 - Ethiopia
Geographic coverage --------------------------- National coverage Analysis unit --------------------------- Household Person Housing unit Universe --------------------------- The census has counted people on dejure and defacto basis. The dejure population comprises all the persons who belong to a given area at a given time by virtue of usual residence, while under defacto approach people were counted as the residents of the place where they found. In the census, a person is said to be a usual resident of a household (and hence an area) if he/she has been residing in the household continuously for at least six months before the census day or intends to reside in the household for six months or longer. Thus, visitors are not included with the usual (dejure) population. Homeless persons were enumerated in the place where they spent the night on the enumeration day. The 2007 census counted foreign nationals who were residing in the city administration. On the other hand all Ethiopians living abroad were not counted. Kind of data --------------------------- Census/enumeration data [cen] Mode of data collection --------------------------- Face-to-face [f2f] Research instrument --------------------------- Two type sof questionnaires were used to collect census data: i) Short questionnaire ii) Long questionnaire Unlike the previous censuses, the contents of the short and long questionnaires were similar both for the urban and rural areas as well as for the entire city. But the short and the long questionnaires differ by the number of variables they contained. That is, the short questionnaire was used to collect basic data on population characteristics, such as population size, sex, age, language, ethnic group, religion, orphanhood and disability. Whereas the long questionnaire includes information on marital status, education, economic activity, migration, fertility, mortality, as well as housing stocks and conditions in addition to those questions contained in a short questionnaire.
catalog.ihsn.org 收录
马达加斯加岛 – 世界地理数据大百科辞条
马达加斯加岛在非洲的东南部，位于11o56′59″S - 25o36′25″S及43o11′18″E - 50o29′36″E之间。通过莫桑比克海峡与位于非洲大陆的莫桑比克相望，最近距离为415千米。临近的岛屿分别为西北部的科摩罗群岛、北部的塞舌尔群岛、东部的毛里求斯岛和留尼汪岛等。在google earth 2015年遥感影像基础上研发的马达加斯加海岸线数据集表明，马达加斯加岛面积591,128.68平方千米，其中马达加斯加本岛面积589,015.06平方千米，周边小岛面积为2,113.62平方千米。马达加斯加本岛是非洲第一大岛，是仅次于格陵兰、新几内亚岛和加里曼丹岛的世界第四大岛屿。岛的形状呈南北走向狭长纺锤形，南北向长1,572千米；南北窄，中部宽，最宽处达574千米。海岸线总长16,309.27千米, 其中马达加斯加本岛海岸线长10,899.03千米，周边小岛海岸线长5,410.24千米。马达加斯加岛属于马达加斯加共和国。全国共划分22个区，119个县。22个区分别为：阿那拉芒加区，第亚那区，上马齐亚特拉区，博爱尼区，阿齐那那那区，阿齐莫-安德列发那区，萨瓦区，伊达西区，法基南卡拉塔区，邦古拉法区，索非亚区，贝齐博卡区，梅拉基区，阿拉奥特拉-曼古罗区，阿那拉兰基罗富区，阿莫罗尼马尼亚区，法土法韦-非图韦那尼区，阿齐莫-阿齐那那那区，伊霍罗贝区，美那贝区，安德罗伊区和阿诺西区。首都安塔那那利佛（Antananarivo）位于岛屿的中东部。马达加斯加岛是由火山及喀斯特地貌为主。贯穿海岛的是巨大火山岩山体-察腊塔纳山，其主峰马鲁穆库特鲁山（Maromokotro）海拔2,876米，是全国最高峰。马达加斯加自然景观垂直地带性分异显著，是热带雨林和热带草原广布的地区。岛上大约有20多万种动植物，其中包括马达加斯加特有物种狐猴（Lemur catta）、马达加斯加国树猴面包树（Adansonia digitata L.）等。
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New locus reveals the genetic architecture of sex reversal in the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Sex reversal in insects, amphibians, reptiles, and fishes is a complicated and interesting biological phenomenon. Sex reversal changes the sex ratio of populations and may complicate breeding schemes. In the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), genetic females may change into pseudomales, thereby increasing aquaculture costs because of the lower growth rate of the males than that of the females. Here, we identify a new locus associated with sex reversal; this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is located in the third intron of the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) gene on the Z chromosome (named Cyn_Z_8564889) and has two alleles, A and G. Cyn_Z_8564889 regulates sex reversal interactively with our previously detected SNP (Cyn_Z_6676874), with the genetic females simultaneously carrying the T allele of Cyn_Z_6676874 and the A allele of Cyn_Z_8564889 changing into pseudomales. Other Dmrt1 polymorphisms were detected, which formed two haplotypes. Two SN...
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