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This study investigates the lexical richness in English compositions of Chilean International Baccalaureate (IB) students from 7th to 10th grade, focusing on lexical density, diversity, and sophistication. Using a quantitative approach, the research analysed a corpus of 94,982 words from 303 students’ responses about online learning. While lexical density remained constant across grade levels, lexical diversity and sophistication increased significantly, reflecting developmental progression. Lexical diversity grew progressively, indicating an expanding vocabulary range, and lexical sophistication advanced in later grades with greater use of low-frequency words. These findings highlight the IB curriculum’s role in supporting incidental vocabulary growth but suggest incorporating targeted EFL instruction to enhance sophistication and content-rich language use. Implications include middle school interventions to boost vocabulary depth and high school tasks fostering content-rich expression. Future research should explore diverse educational settings and the impact of explicit vocabulary instruction on lexical richness.