The mycobiome of human gallbladder bile

Technological progress achieved in the area of DNA sequencing, particularly next-generation sequencing, has enabled researchers to uncover the microbial complexity in diverse niches. Studies on mycobiome, a term used to describe the fungal community of the microbiome, have escalated despited still being in its infancy stage as it may be significant in the context of human health and diseases. The gallbladder is the reservoir organ of bile, where it is stored and concentrated during fasting and released through the bile duct into the small intesitine during food passage to facilitate fat absorption. Bile is mainly constituted by bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins. The gallbladder may indirectly communicate with the small intesitine through biliary ducts. The common hepatic duct combines with the gallbladder's cystic duct to form the common bile duct. The latter and pancreatic duct communicate with the gut via the sphincter of Oddi. Hebce, pathogens may infiltrate the gallbladder from the gut. In this study, we explored the mycobiome of the gallbladder of patients using metabarcording targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 of ribosomal DNA approaches.