Data from: Genetic differentiation in the boreal dragonfly Leucorrhinia dubia in the Palearctic region

The last glacial period had a strong influence on the population genetic structure of boreal species in southern and central Europe. In addition, recent and current human impact on the boreal environment has led to habitat loss, which also has a large influence on population genetic structure of species. Here we present the spatial genetic structure of the boreal dragonfly Leucorrhinia dubia using ddRAD sequencing. We sampled individuals from nine locations in Europe, three in Asia (Russia and Japan) and one location of L. intermedia in Japan. Results showed three distinct genetic clusters in Europe. One genetic cluster consisted of individuals sampled from the locations in the Swiss Alps, a second consisted of individuals sampled in the United Kingdom, and a third cluster consisted of individuals from the rest of the seven sampled locations in Europe covering a latitudinal gradient from the French Pyrenees to the north of Finland. There was also a week support that the French Pyrenees and Austrian Alps samples differentiated from the cluster of the five samples from central and north Europe. We suggest that these clusters reflect historical recolonization patterns since the last glaciation. The L. dubia individuals sampled from locations in Asia formed one cluster referring to L. dubia orientalis separated from the individuals sampled in European and from the L. intermedia locality sampled. Our result suggests that aquatic insects in the fragmented boreal landscape in south central Europe and United Kingdom need conservation consideration.

末次冰期对欧洲南部与中部的寒带物种种群遗传结构产生了显著影响。此外，近现代及当前人类对寒带环境的干扰已造成生境丧失，这同样对物种种群遗传结构造成深远影响。本研究利用ddRAD测序（ddRAD sequencing）技术，解析了寒带蜻蜓（Leucorrhinia dubia）的空间遗传结构。本研究共采集欧洲9个采样点、亚洲3个采样点（俄罗斯与日本）的个体样本，并在日本获取了L. intermedia的1个采样点的个体。研究结果显示，欧洲区域存在3个显著分化的遗传聚类：其一包含采自瑞士阿尔卑斯山区的个体，其二包含采自英国的个体，其三则涵盖欧洲剩余7个采样点的个体，这些点位的纬度跨度从法国比利牛斯山脉延伸至芬兰北部。此外，研究还获得弱支持证据表明，法国比利牛斯山脉与奥地利阿尔卑斯山区的采样个体，与中欧及北欧5个采样点的聚类存在分化。我们推测，上述遗传聚类反映了末次冰期以来的历史殖民扩散模式。采自亚洲各采样点的L. dubia个体形成了独立聚类，即L. dubia东方亚种（L. dubia orientalis），该聚类与欧洲的L. dubia个体以及日本的L. intermedia采样个体均存在遗传分化。本研究结果提示，欧洲中南部与英国地区生境破碎化的寒带景观中的水生昆虫类群，亟需纳入保护关注范畴。