Mechanisms and biomarker candidates in pterygium development

ABSTRACT Pterygium pathogenesis has been mainly asso ciated with UV light exposure; however, this association remains quite controversial. The complete mechanism of pterygium also remains to be clarified. Factors such as inflammation, viral infection, oxidative stress, DNA methylation, inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix modulators, apoptotic and oncogenic proteins, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition, and alterations in cholesterol metabolism have been identified as causes. Several studies aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and proliferation of pterygium. Understanding its molecular basis provides new potential therapeutic targets for its prevention and treatment. A comprehensive search of the databases, namely, MedLine, EMBASE, and LILACS, was conducted with the following key words: pterygium, epidemiology, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and review. This review describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and current investigation of biological mediators involved in pterygium development.摘要：翼状胬肉（pterygium）的发病机制既往多被认为与紫外线照射密切相关，但二者的关联仍存在较大争议。翼状胬肉的完整发病机制仍有待进一步阐明。目前已确定炎症反应、病毒感染、氧化应激、DNA甲基化、炎症介质、细胞外基质调节因子、凋亡与致癌蛋白、杂合性缺失（loss of heterozygosity）、微卫星不稳定性（microsatellite instability）、淋巴管生成、上皮-间质细胞转化（epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition）以及胆固醇代谢异常等多种因素为其致病诱因。多项研究致力于阐明翼状胬肉生长与增殖的分子机制。对其分子基础的深入解析可为翼状胬肉的预防与治疗提供全新的潜在治疗靶点。本研究团队对MedLine、EMBASE及LILACS数据库开展了全面检索，检索关键词包括：翼状胬肉、流行病学、发病机制、生物标志物及综述。本综述系统阐述了翼状胬肉的流行病学特征、临床表现，以及当前针对其发育过程中相关生物介质的研究现状。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集综述了翼状胬肉发病机制中的多种因素，包括紫外线暴露、炎症和病毒感染等，并探讨了潜在的生物标志物。数据集还涵盖了流行病学和临床表现的研究，旨在为预防和治疗提供新的潜在治疗靶点。