Biological activities of marine invertebrates extracts from the northeast brazilian coast

Abstract This paper reports the in vitro antiproliferative effects, antiprotozoal, anti-herpes and antimicrobial activities of 32 organic extracts of 14 marine sponges and 14 corals collected in northeast Brazilian coast. The ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa and Tedania ignis, and the acetone extract of Dysidea sp. showed relevant results concerning the antiproliferative effects against A549, HCT-8, and PC-3 cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay, but also low specificity. Concerning the antiprotozoal screening, the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa and the acetone and ethanolic extracts of Dysidea sp. were the most active against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi expressing β-galactosidase in THP-1 cells. In the preliminary anti-HSV-1 (KOS strain) screening, the ethanolic extracts of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, Haliclona sp. and Chondrosia collectrix inhibited viral replication by more than 50%. The most promising anti-herpes results were observed for the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. showing high selective indices against HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains (SI> 50 and >79, respectively), and HSV-2, 333 strain (IS>108). The results of the antibacterial screening indicated that only the ethanolic extract of Amphimedon compressa exhibited a weak activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by the disk diffusion method. In view of these results, the extracts of Amphimedon compressa, Tedania ignis and Dysidea sp. were selected for further studies aiming the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds with antiproliferative and/or antiprotozoal activities. The relevant anti-herpes activity of the ethanolic extract of Haliclona sp. also deserves special attention, and will be further investigated.

摘要 本研究报道了采集自巴西东北海岸的14种海洋海绵与14种珊瑚所制备的32份有机提取物的体外抗增殖、抗原生动物、抗疱疹及抗菌活性。扁平两列海绵（Amphimedon compressa）与火指海绵（Tedania ignis）的乙醇提取物，以及Dysidea属未定种（Dysidea sp.）的丙酮提取物，通过磺酰罗丹明B实验检测显示，其对A549、HCT-8及PC-3细胞系具有显著抗增殖活性，但特异性较低。在抗原生动物初筛实验中，扁平两列海绵的乙醇提取物，以及Dysidea属未定种的丙酮与乙醇提取物，对THP-1细胞中表达β-半乳糖苷酶的亚马逊利什曼原虫（Leishmania amazonensis）与克氏锥虫（Trypanosoma cruzi）表现出最强活性。在抗单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1，KOS株）的初步筛选实验中，扁平两列海绵、Haliclona属未定种（Haliclona sp.）及聚集软骨海绵（Chondrosia collectrix）的乙醇提取物可抑制超过50%的病毒复制。Haliclona属未定种的乙醇提取物展现出最具潜力的抗疱疹活性：其对HSV-1 KOS株与29R株的选择性指数（SI）分别大于50与79，对HSV-2 333株的选择性指数（IS）大于108。抗菌筛选实验结果显示，通过纸片扩散法检测，仅扁平两列海绵的乙醇提取物对粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）、铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）及大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）具有微弱抗菌活性。基于上述结果，本研究选取扁平两列海绵、火指海绵及Dysidea属未定种的提取物开展后续研究，以期分离并鉴定具有抗增殖和/或抗原生动物活性的生物活性成分。Haliclona属未定种乙醇提取物所具备的优异抗疱疹活性同样值得重点关注，后续将对其展开深入研究。